HISTORY AND ORIGINS OF THE PAKISTANI RUPEE
The origins or the nomenclature and motifs on the Pakistani coins have their origins in the confluence of Greek Bactria and Buddhist Kushan empires in Pakistani Potowar and North West Frontier Province (NWFP), in the Nizam’s Hydrabadi (Deccan) “sikkas” as well as Mughal Emperor Shah Alam’s design of the thistle garnishing our crests.

The topography around Taxila is complicated as it has been much affected by the uplift of the Karakoram ranges, and by local folding during Quaternary times. The site occupies a central place in the enclave formed coalescing valleys of the two streams. The main route from Pakistan to Central Asia and China which follows the open fertile corridor Cholistan to Karrakrrum Hills divides at Txila. One path leads to Tibet and China, the other to Central Asia and one to the Indus Valley (The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States By Frank Raymond Allchin)

To trace the origins of the rupees, one has to drive about fifty miles from Islamabad and visit the Taxila museum. Some of numismatics’ most celebrated rarities – including the original Rupee coin – are displayed in an exhibit open to the public at the Taxila Museum.This is where the original rupee was minted and this is where it is saved. Taxila was the capital of the Pakistani Ghandara civilization which grew out of Hellenistic influences on Kasniska Buddhist empire. The rupee grew out of the clash of Bactria and Kushan empire.

Originally the rupee was divided into 16 annas, 64 paise, or 192 pies. Half a Rupee was 8 Annas (Athanni), and a quarter rupees was called “Chawanni” (or a Quarter). It is 100% accurate is sometimes called “correct as in 16 annas).

ORIGINS OF THE WORD RUPEE: The origins of the word Rupees can be traced back to the language spoken in Pakistan around 6th century B.C. Rup, rupa,,,,However a deep investigation shows that the word has Arabic origins for the ocngugation of the Arabic word for Silver “Qasaf”. Jewlellers even today are called “Sarrafs”

ORIGINS OR CURRENCY IN ANCIENT PAKISTAN: 5000 years ago the currency in vogue on what is today Pakistan was called the “Kauri”. These were special shells only available on the Mekran coast. The authorities at the time monopolized the supply of the “Kauri” and used it as currency. The “Kauri” along with the Harappan seals have been found as far as Hawai, and in many parts of the MiddleEast and Africa.

KUSHAN KUNIOS: The early Kushan coins had Greek on them

6th Century Rupee: Both gold and silver coins were issued during the 5th and 6th centuries AD by the Gupta dynasty; the gold coins were called Dinars and the silver coins, Rupaka. Eight Rupakas were equal to half a dinar. But curiously the widespread existence of gold and silver coins of the Gupta era almost disappeared from the seventh century onwards. There were some silver coins in south-eastern Bengal..
Indeed, markings on the Gupta coins provide information about religious rites while those dating back to Kanishka’s time feature Iranian goddesses and Zoroastrian concepts, suggestive of the multicultural stands that shaped India’s cultural fabric.

TUGHLAQS CURRENCY: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq tried to issue copper coins backed by the Gold reserves, but this policy failed because of millions were forged and distributed. In 1833, the nomenclature of British Bengal became British India and Bengal became one of the provinces of British India; Calcutta being the imperial capital.

Cowrie kept its dominant position in the rural areas where transactions were basically of small scale
SURIS CALLED IS RUPEE: The derivative word R?paya was used to denote the coin introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his reign from 1540 to 1545 CE. The original R?paya was a silver coin weighing 175 grains troy (about 11.34 grams) .

MUGHALS CALLED IT RUPEE: The Mughals called their currency Rupee.
The rural sector was governed partly by cowrie and partly by direct exchange in kind and services. The exchange system of goods against goods, service against service and labour against labour operated quite efficiently.

The most significant monetary contribution of the Mughals was to bring about uniformity and consolidation of the system of coinage throughout the Empire. The system lasted long after the Mughal Empire was effectively no more. The system of tri-metalism which came to characterise Mughal coinage was largely the creation, not of the Mughals but of Sher Shah Suri (1540 to 1545 AD), an Afghan, who ruled for a brief time in Delhi. Sher Shah issued a coin of silver which was termed the Rupiya. This weighed 178 grains and was the precursor of the modern rupee. It remained largely unchanged till the early 20th Century. Together with the silver Rupiya were issued gold coins called the Mohur weighing 169 grains and copper coins called Dam

If not entirely, but largely this barter feature of the economy gave way to exchange through money during the Mughal period. Foreigners, particularly maritime companies of Europe, began to come by sea routes to participate in the Bengal export trade from the beginning of the Mughal rule. They came with bullion to buy Bengal merchandise because, their products had practically no market here. Large-scale import of silver and other treasures gave the Mughal government an opportunity to stimulate its economy backed by a broad-based currency system. Mint towns were established in Dhaka, Murshidabad and Patna where bullion was brought by shroffs for coining according to approved weights and fineness. The Mughal currency was named Rupee (from Rupa or Rupaiya).

All rupees coined under the reigning king were called Siccas. The Sicca Ruppee contained about 175 grains of silver. The Sicca Rupee had an important political content. On the accession of a new emperor to the throne, the rupees of the former regime were declared sanaut (devalued) and were made subject to a batta (discount). The sanaut rupee was not received into the royal treasury even on discount. In the money market there was a professional class of money changers called shroffs or sarrafs who bought the sanaut rupees at a batta and took them to royal mint for recoining the bullion into Sicca Rupees.
“Emperor Akbar issued coins on Ram and Sita,” revealed Bhandare. “Then there was Mohammad Ghauri, seen usually in negative fanatical terms, who issued coins with Goddess Lakshmi on them.

Jehangir gold mohurs have 12 signs of the zodiac

Coins of Shah Alam II had Urdu inscriptions surrounded by motifs of holly, shamrock and thistle!” This is the same thistle that garnishes all Pakistani currency and the Pakistani crest.

British Raj: In 1833, the nomenclature of British Bengal became British India and Bengal became one of the provinces of British India; Calcutta being the imperial capital.The silver coin was in used during the British Raj.The use of the Rupee was not confined to the Subcontinent its usage went as far as Arabia and even Africa, Somalia, Kenya all parts of the British “Indian Empire” at one time or the other. As part of the adoption of the Metric system, President Ayub Khan decimalized the currency in 1961even thugh sri Lanaka had already done so almost a hundred years earlier.

Among the earliest issues of paper rupees were those by the Bank of Hindostan (1770-1832), the General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (1773-75, established by Warren Hastings), the Bengal Bank (1784-91), amongst others.

Notes issued by the Bank of Bengal can be categorised in the following three series.
Unifaced series: The early notes of the Bank of Bengal were printed only on one side and were issued as one gold mohur and in denominations of Rs. 100, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, etc.

Commerce series: Later notes had a vignette representing an allegorical female figure personifying ‘commerce’. The notes were printed on both sides. On the obverse the name of the bank and the denominations were printed in three scripts, viz., Urdu, Bengali and Devanagari. On the reverse of such notes was printed a cartouche with ornamentation carrying the name of the Bank.

Brittania series: By late 1800s, the motif ‘commerce’ was replaced by ‘Britannia’. The new banknotes had more features to prevent forgery

HYDRABAD RUPEE: The currency was designated the Osmania Sicca (OS). One and five rupee notes were subsequently issued in 1919 and one thousand rupee notes were issued in 1926. After the setting up of the India Currency Notes Press at Nasik, Hyderabad notes came to be printed there.
Hyderabad continued to mint its own coins until 1948, when the state was absorbed into India. In 1950, the Indian rupee was introduced alongside the local currency, with the relationship of 7 Hyderabad rupees = 6 Indian rupees being used. In 1951, the Hyderabad rupee ceased to be issued and the Indian rupee became the main circulating currency, although the Hyderabad rupee was not demonetized until 1959

The COWRIE (Kadi) shell had been in use as the smallest unit of currency all throughout ancient times. The use of cowrie as medium was there in the rural areas even in the late nineteenth century, even afterwards, in some places. Cowrie was then obtained from Maldive in exchange of rice

MODERN RUPEE BASED ON SILVER: The rupee was a silver based currency. This had severe consequences in the nineteenth century, when the strongest economies in the world were on the gold standard. The discovery of vast quantities of silver in the U.S. and various European colonies resulted in a decline in the relative value of silver to gold. Suddenly the standard currency of India could not buy as much from the outside world. This event was known as “the fall of the Rupee.”
Sources: Banglapdia, Wikipedia, Dictionary

Noticias de Rupia | Nouvelles de Roupie | Rupiennachrichten | ??????? ????? | ???? | Roepienieuws | Rupi Nyheter | ??????? | Notizie di Rupia | PAKISTAN LEDGER | ???????? ????? | Akhbar Navees | ???? ??????? | DefensebriefsIntellibriefs Translate to: RSS feed: >| RUPEE NEWS | November 18th, 2008 | Akhbar Navees | ???? ??????? | ????? ????? |

Noticias de Rupia | Nouvelles de Roupie | Rupiennachrichten | ??????? ????? | ???? | Roepienieuws | Rupi Nyheter | ??????? | Notizie di Rupia | PAKISTAN LEDGER | ???????? ????? | Akhbar Navees | ???? ??????? | DefensebriefsIntellibriefs Translate to: RSS feed: | RUPEE NEWS | October 18th, 2008 | Akhbar Navees | ???? ??????? | ????? ????? | By all accounts President Zardari’s trip to China was successful. However, every Pakistani leader’s tip to China is successful. Everytime the friendship brings new and long lasting business and technological deals. The relationship is not transactional, does not come with strings and does not come with “do more” mantras. Both countries have helped each other and continue to assist each other.

The trade between Pakistan and China is nothing new. The trade has been going on for thousands of years.

If friendship is coming to the help of an ally in times of need, then China has proved it several times over and through the decades. The friendship is a two way relationship. In the 50s Pakistan organized its border with China to the benifit of the Chinese allowing its access to Tibet. This chunk of territory given to China allowed it to not only consolidate the national unity of the country but also allowed it to give India a thrashing in 1962. This brilliant negotiation with China gave Pakistan long lasting peace with China. India was unable to and has been unable to resolve any border disputes with China or any of its neighbors. Pakistan’s historic boundary deal with China allowed the Chinese to consolidate their country.

In the 70s Pakistan was the bridge that enabled the US to create a relationship with Beijing. The American diplomats used Pakistani airports and planes to reach China and were accompanied by Pakistani diplomats. At the time Beijing was totally isolated and recognized by two countries int he world, Pakistan and Albania.

Chinese Pakistani Nexus map. The Trade between China and Pakistan consolidates a friendship as old as the Himalayas

Pakistan broke China’s isolation and was instrumental is ensuring the China got its rightful place as part of the Security Council of the United Nations.

China

In the 80s China was began its journey at manufacturing excellence. It was under sanctions by most Western nations, and Pakistan was used as a bridge to build some of the factories in China.

In the 90s China was totally dependent on Russian armaments. China did not have any access to Western technology. Pakistan and China began developing the JF-17 Thunder. Pakistan was one of the few Non-Western countries that had access to the latest American technology; from the F-86 Sabers to the F-104s to the F-16s. This experience was invaluable to the Chinese, who could not have gotten this knowledge and experience from anywhere else. Pakistan provided the technical knowledge, information, and requirements to build a new plane. By this time China had acquired the design of the failed Lavi Israeli fighter, but it did not provide the Chinese the know how to develop new technologies. Pakistan provided the Chinese with this help. Reverse Engineering was used to build a new aircraft tin record speed. The JF-17 Thunder was born. The US is so curious about this plane that it has asked Pakistan to participate in a joint exercise with Pakistan.

In the new century China needs two things–energy and access to the warm waters of the Arabian sea. Pakistan is the crucial link that provides and will provide both to China.

There is absolute consensus in Pakistan–across the the political spectrum on friendship with China. If there is anything the Pakistanis agree on, it is friendship with China. This is evident by the hospitality and the reception given to Chinese, any Chinese in Pakistan. When a Chinese leader visits Pakistan, he is accorded a royal and grand welcome accorded to only one other country in the world–Saudi Arabia. The receptions for the Chinese are not a government affair, they are welcome accorded by the Pakistani nation to the Chinese nation. This record of friendship is unprecedented in this history of nations.

The relationship between China and Pakistan is of course a two way street. Pakistan is the only country in the world with which China has a Free Trade Agrement (FTA). The deals signed are not for the world pres, but for a long lasting relationship. Pakistani Gwador to China links threaten Indian Chahbahar links to Kabul via Iran

China has privately agreed to follow a “step-by-step” approach to fulfilling Pakistan’s aspiration for an expanded nuclear energy program, rather than sign an ambitious civil nuclear program of the kind recently struck between the U.S. and India, senior Pakistani and Western officials said on Thursday.

Private discussions are believed to have been held on expanded nuclear cooperation between Pakistan’s president Asif Ali Zardari and Chinese leaders during Zardari’s four-day visit to China, which began Tuesday.

A senior Pakistani government official, familiar with discussions between Zardari and Chinese officials, claimed Thursday that China had agreed to “consider further nuclear power reactors to fulfill our needs. The relationship (on the nuclear issue) remains intact”. Speaking to CBS News on condition of anonymity, the official added, “there is now a complete understanding on our future cooperation”. (CBS) The following was written by CBS News’ Farhan Bokhari, reporting from Islamabad.

Pakistan already has a Nuclear deal with China: It goes way beyond any other nuclear deal in the world. Indian media in a pre-orchestrated scheme is trying to portend failure by raising expectation on a Beijing-Islamabad deal

China helped Pakistan in developing its Nuclear program. though Pakistan’s program is Uranium based–different that that of China. Pakistan already has a nuclear deal. China already has setup two nuclear power plants Chasnupp 1 (300 MW) and Chasnupp 2 (300 MW). The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant is located at Chashma, Punjab, Pakistan. It consists of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant I (CHASNUPP-1) and Chashma Nuclear Power Plant II (CHASNUPP-2). CHASNUPP-3 (600MW under construction) and CHASNUPP-4 (2000 MW planned to be completed before 2030) are in the planning stages. China does not make any 1000 MW plants, so the Chasnupp 4 and Chasnupp 5 etc will be much larger plants beginning in 2010. A series of these will be constructed within the next five years. However this will not done be done under floodlights and hoopla. Pakistan’s Nuclear deal with the USA is like the American Nuclear deal with Israel. The Chinese help to the Pakistanis is like the assistance the US provided to Britain and then to France to help their Nuclear programs. Pakistan is not the proliferator of Nuclear weapons, it takes the brunt of the blame for nonsensical and vindictive blame game.

Pakistani official who spoke to CBS News on condition of anonymity said China is eager to avoid a direct confrontation with the West on its nuclear energy cooperation with Pakistan. “China is not seeking a head-on clash with anyone. It wants to broaden its relations with Pakistan but without the risk of a stiff U.S. reaction,” said the official.(CBS) The following was written by CBS News’ Farhan Bokhari, reporting from Islamabad.

China and Pakistan flag

Indian Nuclear deal and Jimmy Carters words of wisdom The US Nuclear deal with India is a way of entrapping the Indians and making them feel good. By denying the Nuclear technology to Pakistan, the US knows that Pakistan already has access to much of it through China. Ameirican 123 vice trap for India: The jaw keeps getting tighter

• Pakistan-China-Russia:- An historic realignment
• Gwadar to China:- Trade lessons from the 5000 yr old Pakistani Indus Valley Civilization: The Harrappan Trade Corridor within the IVC (Dilmin, Mekan) and beyond is now being resurrected again
  
• Sino-India relationship and Pakistan
• http://rupeenews.com/2008/06/03/china-rail-integrates-afghanistan-tajikistan-pakistan/

China has helped Pakistan is some of the basic models of the missiles by establishing the Heavy Mechanical Complex. Pakistan also used Korean technology to build its basic missiles. Its cruse missile uses ingredients of the US cruise missile. The Today Pakistan’s Nuclear and missile program has reached a maturity of technological independence propelled by self reliance and indigenous production.

• The China Pakistan relationship
• Indian Airforce moves SU-30s near Chinese and Pakistani bases

Now Pakistan is using Turkish and Chinese Technology to build its space exploration and Satellite navigation programs. Compared to its neighbor the Indian missile program is a total fiasco with Trishul, Agni Nag all being scrapped. Indian’s Arjun tanks is also a bust while Pakistan’s Al Khalid a a roaring success. The Al Khalid Tank is abased upon Ukranian and Russian prototypes. However the Al Khalid has gone way beyond basic Ukranian designs. Pakistan’s missile program Hataf, Shaheen, Abdali are a conglomeration of various older technologies , Russian, Chinese, Korean and American. All put together by Pakistani entrepreneurship. While the LCA is still in the design phase, Pakistan is now developing the J-10 and the J-11 which are built on the basic Mig 29 designs.

Indian mechanations against Pakistan and China

Chinese companies offer $5bn investment
BEIJING, Oct 17: Chinese entrepreneurs have offered to invest $5 billion in Pakistan’s defence, banking, oil exploration and mining sectors, develop Thar coal, build Bhasha and Kohala dams and launch PakSat-1R in 2011. The offers were made during meetings with President Asif Ali Zardari, who concluded his four-day official visit and left for Pakistan on Friday.

Heads of the business delegations said they were ready to intensify cooperation in defence production, oil and gas, energy, poly-technologies, electronics, hydropower generation and other sectors.

They took deep interest in business, trade and investment opportunities in Pakistan.

Among leading industrialists and business tycoons who called on President Zardari at the State Guest House included chairman of Northern Industries Ma Zhigeng, chairman of Poly Technologies Zhang Liansheng, chairman of the CETC Yan Lijin, president of Sinohydro Fan Jixiang and Liu Minkang of the Chinese Banking and Regulatory Authority.

A delegation of China International Water and Electricity Corporation (CWE) met President Zardari and offered to invest $1.7 billion in Bhasha and Kohala dams.

“We just met President Zardari and the talks focused on Bhasha and Kohala dams,” the deputy general manager of CWE, Jin Zheping, told the media after the meeting. Mr Jin said CWE was involved in “conceptual development” of Bhasha dam with Chinese hydroelectric power generating groups and also with Wapda, adding that an MoU had already been signed.

Mr Jin said the president had told the delegation that the government wanted Chinese entrepreneurs to visit Pakistan to acquaint themselves with the investment climate. Ma Zhigeng, the chairman of Norinco, offered cooperation of his company in oil exploration and defence production sectors.

He said that new ventures in oil and gas sectors were also discussed during the meeting with the president.He said that the company had already invested $30 million in oil exploration which would be further increased. The Chairman of Poly Technologies, Zhang Liansheng, offered technical assistance and investment in oil exploration and generation of electricity from coal-fired power plants.

He said his company could also play an important role in expanding bilateral cooperation in media and education. The business leaders said Chinese banks would set up branches in Pakistan to take advantage of the country’s economic growth potential. Chinese technology exports to Pakistan: JF-17 Thunder, J-10s, J-11s

SATELLITE LAUNCH: Earlier a spokesman of the China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC), the space industry concern, said that a Long March 3B rocket would be used to put the satellite into orbit. It will be launched from the Xichang satellite launch centre in China’s southwestern Sichuan province.

The company said ground control facilities for the satellite would be delivered to Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco) after it entered into orbit.

The satellite will have a lifespan of 15 years and Pakistan will use it for domestic telecommunication and broadcast services.The president was seen off at the airport by Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister Hu Zhengyue.

During his four-day stay, President Zardari held talks with President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao on issues of regional and international concern.

The talks focused on strengthening Pakistan-China strategic partnership and cooperation in trade, investment, defense, banking sector and science and technology.The president also met the Chairman of the National People’s Congress, Wu Bangguo, and the Chairman of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Jia Qingling.

Business executives, heads of financial institutions and corporate leaders called on Mr Zardari.

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THIS TOO SHALL PASS! WE SHALL OVERCOME!

Pakistan Zindabad!

THE PAKISTANI RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF THREATS: Mountbatten, Nehru, Indira, Kruschev, Johnson, Carter, Kissinger (Nixon), Gobachov, Clinton, Armitage (Bush), Karzia (Bush and Vajpayee/Sing) have all threatened Pakistan: The Pakistanis are used to it…so what else is new?!! Pakistan’s Nuclear Program should be seen in the backdrop of these threats.The capacity of Pakistan to sustain some fifteen major disarticulations in polity, power, and structure and still preserve a national identity is a phenomenon one is tempted to explain by recourse to the supernatural. Pakistan which has been pummelled by external events (three wars with India, secession of Bangladesh, 3.5 million Afghan refugees) and disrupted by internal fissures (4 periods of martial law totalling 27 years and ethnic violence in Sindh) to a degree which no other state established since 1945 has suffered. In this respect it stands as an exemplar of a nation whose adversities “common sense” might suggest make its viability impossible. Yet its continued existence defies the reality induced by such speculation. The enormity and persistence of these difficulties and the resilience of the nation in absorbing and somehow surviving them must be regarded with awe if not admiration.” RALPH BRAIBANTI

• 5561st re-birthday! Congratualations to Indus Pakistanis
• Why we created Pakistan? The Pakistan Ideology. ONT vs TNT

Pakistan has now become immune to “prophecies of doom”. Pakistanis are sick of “do more” lectures from a 3^rd rate country that piggy-backs on superpowers to get a kick out of beating up vulnerable populations. 2 million Muslim kids died destroying the USSR. Today, Pakistan is suffering because of the failed policies of Britain and the USA. The blowback faced by many is because of the short sighted policies of London and Washington.The selective  amnesia is amazing. Pakistan was used by the USA in the First Afghan War against the USSR. India at the time was on the losing side of the battle and the USSR was not only defeated, it imploded.Analysts see major cavities.  Today there is an overwhelming body of evidence that a similar fate faces “India.”

India’s major problem is not a nuclear armed Pakistan, or 160 million belligerent Pakistanis or even 160 million Bangledeshis or the 160 million Indian Muslims. India’s problem is the 40 million Hindu White widows, and the Dalits and Naxalite insurrection that threatens to destroy the heart of midland. While the urban penury competes with rural poverty the plutocratic, dynastic democrats, the extremist rightists, and the megalomaniacs (Nero’s) dream of a global power, the heart of India is in pain and destitution.

“That is the only way to have a United India soon after. If we have a United India straightway, without such division that will, of course be very welcome.”

 

The resilience of the Pakistani economy is akin to that of Israel and India. The Israeli economy is immune to political shocks. Similarly India has more than 89 active insurgencies. However both economies are growing. Similarly Thaliand despite a coup and active insurgencies continues to growl as an Asia Tiger.

Pakistan’s political unrest may delay, but not deter Canada’s rapidly expanding trade with the South Asian nation, Canadian business leaders say.

Yet Pakistani-Canadians with ties to their homeland continue to open doors for Canadian companies across the Pacific and, at the same time, create more demand here for products and services from Pakistan.

Questions also remain about his handling of the Bhutto assassination and whether or not his agents were perhaps even behind her death, charges that his government has rejected.

But Merchant, who emigrated to Canada in 1959, believes commerce will continue to thrive in Pakistan. He points to rapid increases in cellphone purchases, automobile manufacturing and foreign-currency reserves as signs that Pakistan’s middle class is becoming more affluent and able to afford higher-priced items.

Canadian companies have an important role to play as Pakistan tries to meet rising demand for information technology, oil and gas, hydroelectric power, new homes and other products and services, he adds.

SNC-Lavalin, Bombardier, Borealis Infrastructure and CAE are among major companies that have set up shop in Pakistan or gone on federal trade missions there.

Jean-Michel Laurin, vice-president of global business policy for the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters Association (CME), says small to medium-sized companies have fuelled most of the rapid trade growth in Pakistan.

…large firms such as Bombardier and CAE, which can benefit from large military contracts, have no concerns because they operate globally and are willing to go anywhere.

Citing Statistics Canada figures, Laurin says Canadian exports to Pakistan have increased almost fourfold since 2001. Last year, Canadian firms shipped $397 million worth of goods, compared to a modest $73 million in 2001.

Between 2002-03, Canadian exports to Pakistan more than tripled from $85 million to $302 million.

“Our exports have increased quite dramatically – I’ve never seen something like that,” says Laurin.

Carey Healey, president and CEO of Coquitlam, B.C.-based Infosat Communications Inc., predicts Canadian companies doing business in Pakistan are unlikely to increase their investments there until the turmoil subsides. But Healey has no qualms about continuing Infosat’s relationship with its Pakistani partner, Comstar.ISA Ltd.

Infosat supplied a satellite hub and engineering services as part of the contract that will see Comstar provide network links and closed-circuit TV services for Pakistani police stations and other organizations in remote locations. The two companies aim to provide satellite and network services to Pakistani banks as they install more automated-teller machines around the country.

Doing business in Pakistan appealed to Infosat, because many executives in that country have trained in Canada or the U.S. and English is widely spoken.

“… “In India, it’s very competitive. There are tons of companies doing this. If you go over to Pakistan, people are falling all over themselves to be your partner. It’s because they’re just craving the ability to take on some of this new technology and new products.”

Comstar president Sami Bajwa is a McGill University MBA graduate who lived in Canada for two decades.

Healey says he felt little fear for his safety while travelling to Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore in 2006. Monte Stewart of Business Edge of Canada

Congress has taken notice, and last month passed a resolution calling for the United States to work with India to address the problem of untouchability by “encouraging US businesses and other US organisations working in India to take every possible measure to ensure Dalits are included and are not discriminated against in their programming”.

“It is now time for this Congress to speak out about this ancient and particularly abhorrent form of persecution and segregation – even if it is occurring in a country considered to be one of America’s closest allies,” Rep Trent Franks, R-Ariz., said during a speech last spring on the House floor. Franks went on to call Dalits “one of the most oppressed peoples on Earth.”

The 2006 study found that public health workers refuse to visit 33 per cent of Dalit villages, while mail is not delivered to the homes of 24 per cent of Dalits. The reason for the neglect, the study said, is that some in the upper castes believe lower-caste people are dirty and lack dignity in their labor as latrine cleaners, rickshaw drivers, butchers, herders and barbers.

The debate on affirmative action in India is similar to the one in the United States in terms of discrimination and ways to end it. But in India, those who experience discrimination, especially in rural areas, are the majority and are ruled by an elite. The issue here is complicated by India’s turbulent history of race, class and caste. Centuries-old customs of arranged marriages and inherited professions perpetuate caste divisions, which are further reinforced by some interpretations of Hinduism, India’s dominant religion, which sanctions the caste system.

The country’s education system also hardens caste. Lower castes largely attend public schools, which teach local languages, while private schools attended by upper castes teach English – the most important criterion to be hired at a call center, where young employees spend their nights helping customers phoning from the United States.

Sitting in a circle as they waited to hear whether they would get jobs, Kamble and the other students talked about the often harrowing discrimination they faced. “I knew there was hatred in the world and in India, when as a child I watched some upper castes refuse to sell my mother lentils and rice in the nicer part of the market because we were `dirty,’ and from a backward caste,” said Vivek Kumar Katara, 22, who has a master’s degree in social work focusing on helping the mentally ill. Without quotas, Katara said, “I honestly don’t know if professors would have even let me sit in the same class as upper castes”. http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/features/featuredetail.asp?file=augustfeatures302007.xml  

With 50 million White widows, Dalits in anger, 150 million Muslims in servitude, Naxilte insurrection, Mizuram and Tamil secession and Kashmiri rebellion, isn’t India a failed sate? Yes it is. And it has kept South Asia in penury because of its bad policies and tactics. Forget about Lal Masjid, the Crescent and Star will by flying atop Lal Qila AGAIN!

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The Earliest Pakistanis: Soan River Civilization. Image via Wikipedia

We will attempt to publish articles about Pakistani history on this site. Some of the history is hijacked by other neighbors. 150000 years ago Pakistanis roamed the Soan river around the Potohar

IVC was never “HIndu” and neaver past the Indus (Sindh). Hind at the time was jsut jungle

The Pakistanis of the IVC buried their dead, were not vegetarian, did not have horses, wrote right from left, lived in non-stratified housing (no caste), were sea farers (as opposed to “Hindu” restrictions on sea travel) ate beef, killed the bull, used a pictorgraphic script (not Sanskrit), and did not worship the “Hindu pantheon” (Arjun, Agni, Mithra, Shiva etc etc).

Islam started with Adam, Abraham was a Muslim, prophet Muhammad spread “deen e Ibrahimi” (the religion of Abraham).

Ashoka was a mythical figure whose name does not exist before the British arrived in the Subcontinent.

Farming had not started. Most of the Subcontinent was covered in ice. Some of the first Pakistanis were hunter gatherers. Most societies and human beings have developed in and around rivers. So we discovered stone implements around the Soan River.

The Earliest Pakistanis: Soan River Civilization. Image via Wikipedia

It seems some of Pakistan’s most valuable treasures are buried under the soil. It took many dedicated archeologists to discover the remains of tools used by the Pakistanis who lived in the riverina between the Soan and the Jhelum

The oldest evidence of life in the Subcontinent was found in the digs made in Soan river valley located in about 35 miles near Rawalpindi. Surface finds from Soan valley between the Indus and the JheIum and stone tools made of quartzite, pebbles, flint and flakes of the same time that were found in the Soan valley testify to the existence of hom-erectus human beings who fashioned stone implements.

A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either. The demarcation between hunter-gatherers and other societies which rely more upon domestication (see agriculture and pastoralism and neolithic revolution) is not a clear cut one, as many contemporary societies use a combination of both strategies to obtain the foodstuffs required to sustain themselves.

The Earliest Pakistanis: Soan River Civilization. Image via Wikipedia

Hunting and gathering was presumably the only subsistence strategy employed by human societies for more than two million years, until the end of the Mesolithic period. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago. Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have perpetually declined partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Areas which were formerly unrestricted to hunter-gatherers were, and continue to be encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. Jared Diamond has also blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had been hunted to extinction by the end of the Pleistocene.[1]

As the number and size of many agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion soon led to the development of complex forms of government in agricultural centers such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient Pakistan, Ancient China, Olmec, and Norte Chico; and set in motion the impetus for further expansion through warfare and colonization.

As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas seen as undesirable for agricultural use.

According to the Wikipedia:

The Earliest Pakistanis: Soan River Civilization. Image via Wikipedia

The Soanian is an archaeological culture of the Lower Paleolithic (ca. 500,000 to 1250,000 BP) in South Asia, contemporary to the Acheulian. It is named after the Soan Valley in the Sivalik Hills, Pakistan. The bearers of this culture were Homo erectus.

On Adiyala and Khasala about 16 km (10 miles) from Rawalpindi terrace on the bend of the river hundreds of edged pebble tools were discovered. At Chauntra hand axes and cleavers were found. No human skeletons of this age have yet been found. In the Soan River Gorge many fossil bearing rocks are exposed on the surface. The 14 million year old fossils of gazelle, rhinoceros, crocodile, giraffe and rodents have been found there. Some of these fossils are in display at the Natural History Museum of Islamabad.

The oldest evidence of human life (150,000 years ago) in Pakistan was found in the Soan River valley of Pothohar Plateau region of Punjab. This human activity, called Soan Culture, discovered in the form of pebble tools scattered long the river.

Robin Denell was one of the first ones to discover the sites.

The British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan, under its Field Director Professor Robin Dennell, carried out research into the Palaeolithic of Pakistan in the 1980?s and 1990?s. The first part of this work (1981-85) was based in the Soan Valley, near Islamabad, and resulted in the revision (with his geological colleague, Prof. Helen Rendell) of the Pleistocene and Palaeolithic sequence established by de Terra and Paterson in the 1930?s. This phase of fieldwork also involved the excavation of an open-air settlement ca. 45,000 years old, and the discovery of stone artefacts almost two million years old at Riwat. This research was published as a monograph “Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan Valley, northern Pakistan” (British Archaeological Reports S544).

The second part of this research involved six seasons (1986-90 and 1999) of field survey and excavation in the Pabbi Hills, which comprise a long sequence of river- and floodplain deposits between 2.5 and 0.5 million years old. This research resulted in the collection of over 40,000 fossil specimens from over 600 places, and these provide one of the best accounts of the fossil record of a riverine and flood-plain landscape, as well as the basis for a detailed biostratigraphy of the Early Pleistocene in southern Asia. Although no hominid remains were found, over 350 stone artefacts were found, many of which are believed to be derived from fossil-bearing deposits and may thus be up to two million years old.

This research is currently being prepared as a research monograph and a series of scientific papers, and no further fieldwork is being planned. Related publications are listed below

The Earliest Pakistanis: Soan River Civilization. Image via Wikipedia

The Ice melted around 6000 BC. And the first agricultural settlements in the Subcontinent were in Mehergarh Baluchistan. We will be posting more details about Mehergarh, and pre-Harrpan findings in this site.

India has no right to call itself India it was deserta incognita (Unknown Desert) in the times of Darias the word map of King Darias does not show any thing beyond Pakistan in the world.

India has misused the word and took benefit of it while Indus and Indus civilizations are in Pakistan.

Publications relating to the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of Pakistan and South Asia:

Books:
Rendell, H.R., Dennell, R.W. and Halim, M. (1989) Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan Valley, Northern Pakistan. British Archaeological Reports International Series 544. (364 pp., 110 figs).
This covers the fieldwork in the Soan Valley, including the discovery and dating of the controversial artefact horizon at Riwat, dated to a minimum of ca. 1.9 Mya. The excavation of the much later open-air site (site 55) at Riwat, dated to ca. 45,000 b.p. is also described. The monograph also includes re-assessments of earlier research (notably by de Terra and Paterson in the 1930?s), and critiques of our present understanding of the Pleistocene and Palaeolithic sequence in this part of the world.
A second monograph is currently in preparation on the surveys and excavations in the Pabbi Hills between 1986 and 1991.
Articles:
1983 Preliminary report on the early prehistoric occupation of the Potwar Plateau, northern Pakistan. In South Asian Archaeology (Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on asian Archaeology), ed. B. Allchin, 10-19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1985 (with H. Rendell) Dated lower Palaeolithic artefacts from northern Pakistan. Current Anthropology 26 (3), 393.
1987 (with H. Rendell) Asian axe 2 Million Years Old. Geographical Magazine 59 (6), 270-272.
1987 (with H. Rendell) The dating of an upper pleistocene archaeological site at Riwat, northern Pakistan. Geoarchaeology 1, 6-12.
1987 (with H. Rendell and E. Hailwood) Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Upper Siwalik Sub-Group, Soan Valley, Pakistan: implications for early human occupance of Asia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 85: 488-496.41)
1988 (with H. Rendell and E. Hailwood). Early tool-making in Asia : two-million year-old artefacts in Pakistan. Antiquity 62: 98-106.
1988 (with H. Rendell and E. Hailwood) Late Pliocene artefacts in Pakistan. Current Anthropology 29 (3): 495-498.
1988 (with B. Allchin) 1987 report of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan palaeolithic project. South Asian Studies 10: 145-147.
1989 (with H. Rendell and E. Hailwood) Artefacts du Pliocene tardif dans le nord du Pakistan. L’Anthropologie 92 (3): 927-930.
1989 Report of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan 1980-89. Man and Environment 14 (1): 129-131.
1989 Reply to “Early artefacts from Pakistan? Some questions for the excavators” by M. Hemingway and D. Stapert. Current Anthropology 30 (3): 318-322.
1989 (with A. Jah, R. Jenkinson, H. Rendell and S. Sutherland) Upper Siwalik palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology in the Pabbi Hills, Northern Pakistan. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 33 (4):417-428.
1990 Progressive gradualism, imperialism, and academic fashion: Lower Palaeolithic archaeology in the twentieth century. Antiquity 64: 549-558.
1990: (with L. Hurcombe, H. Rendell and R.Jenkinson). Preliminary results of the Palaeolithic programme of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan, 1983-1987. In South Asian Archaeology 1987. (Proceedings of the International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Venice, July 1987), ed. M. Taddei and P. Callieri, 17-29.
Dennell, R.W. (1991) Report of the British Archaeological Mission’s Potwar Project for the year 1989-90. South Asian Studies 7: 161-165.
Dennell, R.W. (1991) Pakistan’s Prehistory: A Glimpse at the First Two Million Years. British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan Series 3: Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge. 44 pp.
(with H. Rendell, M. Halim and E. Moth) (1991) Site 55, Riwat: a 42,000 yr.-bp. open-air palaeolithic site from northern Pakistan. Journal of Field Archaeology 19: 17-33.
(with H. Rendell) (1991) De Terra and Paterson, and the Soan flake industry: a perspective from the Soan Valley, Pakistan. Man and Environment 16 (2): 91-99.
(with L.M. Hurcombe) Paterson, the British Clactonian and the Soan Flake Industry: a re-evaluation of the early palaeolithic of northern Pakistan. In South Asian Archaeology 1989. (Proceedings of the International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Paris, July 1989), ed. C. Jarrige: 69-72.
(with L.M. Hurcombe) A Pre-Acheulean in the Pabbi Hills, northern Pakistan? In South Asian Archaeology 1989 (Proceedings of the International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Paris, July 1989), ed. C. Jarrige: 133-136.
Dennell, R.W., Hurcombe, L.M., Coard, R., Beech, M., Anwar, M. and ul Haq, S. (1992) The 1990 field season of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan in the Baroth area of the Pabbi Hills, northern Pakistan. South Asian Archaeology 1991 (Proceedings of the Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Europe, Berlin, July 1991), 1-14.
Dennell, R.W. (1993) Evidence on human origins: a rediscovered source in the Upper Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 18 (4): 379-389.
(with H.M. Rendell, L. Hurcombe and E.A. Hailwood) (1994) Archaeological evidence for hominids in northern Pakistan before one million years ago. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 171: 151-155.
(1995) Do human origins lie only in Africa? New evidence from northern Pakistan. Cranium 12 (1): 21-24.
(1995) (Coard, R. and Dennell, R.W.) Taphonomy of some articulated skeletal remains: transport potential in an artificial environment.. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 441 – 448.
(1995) The early stone age of Pakistan: a methodological review. Man and Environment: 20 (1): 21 – 28.
(1995) (Dennell, R.W. and Hurcombe, L.M.) Comment on Pedra Furada. Antiquity 69: 604-5.
Dennell, R.W. and Roebroeks, W. (1996) The earliest colonisation of Europe: the short chronology revisited. Antiquity 70: 535-542.
(1997) Life at the sharp end: The world’s oldest spears. Nature 385: 767-768.
(1997) World’s oldest spears revolutionise theories on early man. Minerva 8 (3): 5-6.
(1998) Grasslands, tool-making and the earliest colonization of south Asia: a reconsideration. In Early Human Behavior in Global Context: The Rise and Diversity of the Lower Palaeolithic Record, 280-303, edited by M. Petraglia and R. Korisettar. London: Routledge.
(1999) The TD6 horizon of Atapuerca and the earliest colonisation of Europe: an Asian perspective. In Los primeros pobladores de Europa/The First Europeans, ed. E. Carbonell, Bermudez de Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L. and Rodriguez, X.P. (1999). Burgos, Spain, 75-97.
(1999) Hunter-gatherer societies. In The Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology Volume 2, ed. G. Barker. London and New York: Routledge, 797-838.
(1999) The Palaeolithic and Pleistocene potential of the Indus drainage system: a review of recent work. In The Indus River: Biodiversity, Resources, Humankind, ed. A. and P. Meadows, 306-319. Linnaean Society, London/Karachi: Oxford University Press.
(2001) From Sangiran to Olduvai, 1937-1960: the quest for “centres” of hominid origins in Asia and Africa. In Studying Human Origins: Disciplinary History and Epistemology, ed. R. Corbey and W. Roebroeks, 45-66. Amersterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

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Noticias de Rupia | Nouvelles de Roupie | Rupiennachrichten |  Roepienieuws | Rupi Nyheter | Notizie di Rupia | PAKISTAN LEDGER | RUPEE NEWS | January 2nd, 2008 |

1975 KISSINGER-BHUTTO MEETING

What impresses me in reading the declassified transcript (see summary and link below) of the Bhutto-Kissinger meeting is the profound knowledge that Z.A. Bhutto had about world events and how he was able to plant seeds in the mind of Henry Kissinger about the dangers from India and the USSR.

In reading through the declassified documents published by the Government of the USA there are a few interesting comments that Mr. Henry Kissinger made about Pakistan. It is after this meeting and in a letter afterwards that threats were made to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Kissinger also informed Bhutto about the fact that he believed that India wanted to attack Pakistan.

“I have to doubt in my mind that India will have another go at Pakistan”…He then said…that Indira Gandhi had had informed him that she considered the North West Frontier Provinces as part of India and the only way to them is through the Punjab.

This is the daughter of Nehru and the current Congress Party. Those who want detente with India should consider the following statement in the light of the 4 Indian consulates in Afghanistan and the mayhem that is being rained from across the border.

“The The Northwest Frontier Province belongs to us and the only way to get there is through the Punjab”

Here is the summary of the document.

“Document 20: Memorandum of Conversation, “The Secretary’s Meeting with Prime Minister Bhutto,” 26 February 1976, 7:00 p.m., The Waldorf Towers, Manhattan, Secret/Nodis

U.S. relations with Pakistan were a major element in Kissinger’s first volume of memoirs but the relationship seldom surfaces in the third volume, Years of Renewal, probably because there was no great crisis during the period covered by the volume. Since the Indian-Pakistan war in late 1971 a “tilt” toward Pakistan had been a hallmark of Nixon/Kissinger diplomacy and Kissinger sustained it under the Ford administration. Sharing with Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hostility toward the government of Indira Gandhi, Kissinger speculated that if the latter had another “go” at Pakistan, the Soviets would benefit from changes in the regional balance of power. Nevertheless, differences between Bhutto and Kissinger were evident.

While Bhutto argued that U.S. détente policy gave the Soviets an opportunity to “strike in various places,” Kissinger strongly defended the policy as a strategy to “moderate” the competition with the Soviets as well as weaken the peace movement at home and communist movements abroad. The problem, Kissinger argued, was not détente but a “collapse of executive authority” preventing executive officials from doing their “duty … to maintain an equilibrium” internationally. Unlike right-wing critics of détente, Kissinger was not worried about a Soviet nuclear first-strike because of the odds against staging a successful one. While strategic weapons were important for deterrence, he stated that tactical nuclear weapons could be useful in a crisis. He was strongly interested in teaching the Cubans a “lesson” because of their successful intervention in Angola.

One problem that was becoming difficult for U.S.-Pakistan relations was Pakistan’s interest in developing a nuclear capability. Kissinger had been skeptical over how much of a national interest the United States had in leading an effort to curb proliferation but he became more worried in the wake of the Indian test. To Bhutto, he expressed concern about Pakistan’s dealings with the French to secure reprocessing technology: “what concerns us is how reprocessing facilities are used at a certain point.” After the Pakistanis cited earlier assurances on safeguards for nuclear facilities, Kissinger said he was concerned about “realities” not “words”; safeguarded deals were not enough because one side could break an agreement. While Bhutto declared that “We don’t want to explode a bomb,” it was evident that he thought that Pakistan should continue its nuclear development programs: “an embryonic capability … may prove helpful” in getting India to accept a nuclear-free zone.

The 1976 election overshadowed this conversation, which showed that Kissinger did not believe that the Democrats could run successfully against the Ford administration’s record: “I don’t see the Democrats winning since they have neither foreign policy nor domestic issues to campaign on.”

---

Notes 1. See document 19.2. “Nodis” or “No Distribution” without permission. 3. For Kissinger’s account of the meeting, see White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 278-282. For the campaign of threats, see William Burr and Jeffrey Kimball, “Nixon’s Secret Nuclear Alert: Vietnam War Diplomacy and the Joint Chiefs of Staff Readiness Test, October 1969,” Cold War History, January 2003, and Kimball, The Vietnam War Files: Uncovering the Secret History of Nixon-Era Strategy (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2004), 11-21.4. For Kissinger’s account of Cambodia (which does not mention this meeting), see White House Years, 457-520. For an up-to-date account of U.S. policy during this period, see Kenton Clymer, The United States and Cambodia, 1969-2000: A Troubled Relationship(New York: Routledge, 2004), 24-42.5. For Kissinger’s account of the Jordanian crisis, see White House Years, 594-631; this meeting is mentioned on page 607. For an overview of crises during September 1970, see Walter Isaacson, Kissinger: A Biography(New York, Simon & Schuster, 1992), 285-315.6. Raymond L. Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation, 2nd edition (Washington, DC, Brookings Institution, 1994), 98.7. “XGDS”: exclude from general declassification schedule.8. John B. Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr., Patron Saint of the Conservatives(New York, Simon and Schuster, 1988), 300-307 and 330-332.9. For Kissinger’s version, see White House Years, at 1304. For a detailed account of the Kissinger-Zhou talks, see William Burr, “The Complexities of Rapprochement,” in Academic Committee of Beijing Forum at Peking University, eds., The Harmony and Prosperity of Civilizations: Selected Papers of Bejing Forum (2004) (Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005), 190-219.

10. For Kissinger’s account of the meeting, see White House Years, 1326-1327.

11. For Kissinger’s brief account of the discussion, see White House Years, 1426.

12. Kimball, The Vietnam War Files, 275.

13. Kissinger discusses this meeting with Brezhnev in Years of Upheaval, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), 1022.

14. For Kissinger’s account of the meeting without the frank evaluation of détente, see Years of Upheaval, 1042-1043.

15. For U.S. policy toward Cambodia during and after the fall of Lon Nol, see Clymer, The United States and Cambodia, 1969-2000, 86-112.

http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB193/HAK%202-26-76.pdf

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We all want to know, the world wants to know “How quickly can Bhutto Junior erase the manipulated puppet image and how quickly can he build himself into a strong visionary and ethical leader?”. A world awaits you Bilawal.

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???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????  ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????
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“Tu shaaheen hai, basaira kar pharaon kee chatanon pur”..

“Jhapatna palatna, palat kar jhapatna;

Lahu garm rakhne ka hai ik bahana”…..Alama Iqbal
 

Study hard and learn a lot. Be humble. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto advised your mother to do twice more than what he had done. It is up to you to do more. Meet the people of Pakistan. Travel up and down, North and South. Live in a village. Drink the dirty water in Sindh and eat food on Food Street in Lahore. Enjoy the nightlife of Karachi and the Chapli kababs of Peshawar. Visit the 7000 year old agricultural site in Mehergarh Baluchistan and meet the sardars and the youth. Go to Azad Kashmir stand on the Cease Fire Line and in a Reaganesque regal manner scream at occupied Kashmir “You will be liberated-Kashmir banaiga Pakistan”. This will build your character and make you a Pakistani. As Zulfiqar said “don’t be scared to kiss the ground“.

My mother once told me “dhol to sub bajatay hain, galay main dal keh mutt bajana“. we know you have been having fun in Oxford. If you can’t get this let me translate it in your terms —avoid your pics on Facebook! 

Think of “our” Muhammad, not the one portrayed by them. Our heroes are Ibn Rushd, Moinuddin Chisti, and those who acquired knowledge. Be inspired by Babur and read his Tuzk e Babri. Think of what Alexander accomplished. He was a young man like you. And Ali–your grandfather was Ali’s sword. 

Whether you hate the Bhutto family or you love them, every Pakistani must read the works of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. We were astonished to discover that the current PPP website does not have the works of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto posted on it. We did discover them on Bhutto.org and read them again. The videos are not there. Here is a “must read” list for you, Sanam and for all Pakistanis. When watch his speeches on YouTube tears swell up in our eyes.

• Peace-Keeping by the United Nations. Pakistan Publishing House, Karachi. – 1967
• Political Situation in Pakistan, Veshasher Prakashan, New Dehli. – 1968
• The Myth of Independence, Oxford University Press, Karachi and Lahore. - 1969
• The Great Tragedy, Pakistan People’s Party, Karachi. - 1971
• Politics of the People (speeches, statements and articles),edited by Hamid Jalal and Khalid Hasan: Pakistan Publications, Rawalpindi. - 1948-1971
• Speeches and Statements, Government of Pakistan, Karachi. – 1971-75
• Bilateralism: New Directions. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad – 1976
• The Third World: New Directions. Quartet Books, London. – 1977
• My Pakistan.Biswin Sadi Publications, New Dehli. – 1979
• If I am Assassinated,Vikas, New Dehli. – 1979
• My Execution.Musawaat Weekly International, London – 1980
• New Directions.Narmara Publishers, London. – 1980  

Read what your grandfather is telling you from his grave. Take it to your heart.

What celebration can I hold for you? I give you the celebration of a celebrated memory and a celebrated name. You are the heir to and inheritor of the most ancient civilization. Please make your full contribution to making this ancient civilization the most progressive and the most powerful. By progressive and powerful I do not mean the most dreaded. A dreaded society is not a civilized society. The most progressive and powerful society in the civilized sense, is a society which has recognized its ethos, and come to terms with the past and the present, with religion and science, with modernism and mysticism, with materialism and spirituality; a society free of tension, a society rich in culture. Such a society cannot come with hocus-pocus formulas and with fraud. It has to flow from the depth of a divine search. In other words, a classless society has to emerge but not necessarily a Marxist society. The Marxist society has created its own class structure. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)] p. 15

PPP HAD THREATENED “DAM A DAM MAST QALANDAR“: Nasty foreign varmint are waiting in the wings to take advantage of anything in Pakistan. Watch out for them. The hooliganism, looting, pillage and mayhem last year in Pakistan was unwarranted. PPP over-reacted after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto because they did not want to be accused of servitude. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s  prophecy that his “assassination on the gallows” would result “in rivers of blood flowing from Peshawar to Karachi remained unfulfilled”.

You should be speaking against this type of nonsense on every occasion.

WATCH OUT FOR THE FLATTERERS: They are the worst. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s friends had sold him out to the establishment. One became a Prime Minister for a brief period of time. Others were promised freedom. All of them were rejected by the masses and became petty parochial provincial leaders. “Chiraag talay andhera”. Imagine Zulfiqar Ali an international leader and think of these “grand uncles” who are seeking provincial autonomy for their districts. What a waste of human capital!

EMBRACE CRITICISM: Keep those who criticize you near you. Accept criticism. It is s treasure of knowledge. Differentiate critics from opponents. This was a weakness of your ancestors. Learn this developed skill. Use the criticism to improve yourself and your policies.

STAND UP TO THE ARROGANT BULLIES. DON’T BE SCARED TO SPEAK UP FOR THE WEAK AND THE OPPRESSED!

Whenever you see a wrong, in your party, in your family or elsewhere, speak up! Your voice will be heard far and wide! Speak up against the wrongs of the PPP. The Pakistani people are hungry for a voice of reason.

Take up a cause. Help rebuild Pakistan. Help the earthquake victims. Partner up with Harry and William. Raise money for a village and build it yourself. “Don’t be scared to kiss the ground.”

CREATE A NEW IMAGE OF PAKISTAN: You are the new image!

People look up to you. Help us all create a new image of Pakistan. Chaudhry Rehmat Ali lies buried a few miles of you. He created a vision with a brochure. See what you can do. We are all waiting to see your vision and your leadership.

Don’t do anything you would be ashamed of. Don’t let the Crescent and Star down! Keep it flying high! You have to hold the fort, learn all the entrances and exits.

BE POSITIVE-BUILD ALLIANCES WITH YOUR OPPONENTS: Dump the revenge fantasies. Build coalitions with everyone. Accept your opponents as your allies. Learn from Lincoln. He used all his opponents to build a successful Union. As you grow up, think not of the sadness, think of legacy of your great grand-father (Shahnawaz Bhutto) and your grand-father (Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto). Now you must take the torch of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and move forward with it. Get rid of the “advisors” who were rejected by the people of Pakistan.

CONNECT WITH THE MASSES LIKE JINNAH AND ZAB:LEARN THE LANGUAGE AND THE COMMUNICATION: Understand Iqbal and read him often. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto had this uncanny ability to connect with the masses. Other than Jinnah and Liaqat Ali Khan no other Pakistani leader has had this ability. We used to listen to him speak for up-to 6 hours at a time. He would make us laugh and make us cry. He lifted the spirits of a heart-broken and dejected nation in 1971. He would appear on TV and in public places often and without fear. In the beginning he could speak little Urdu, but he learned it quickly. What was more important was the message. The content of his speech was what made fans out of every Pakistani that heard him. Learn the National and Provincial languages and watch the speeches of Zulfiqar Ali. Remember this about your grandfather. It is true. History has born this out:

“You cannot be big unless you are prepared to kiss the ground. You cannot defend the soil unless you know the smell of that soil. I know the smell of our soil. I know the rhythm of our rivers. I know the beat of our drums. The theories, the dogmas and the scripts stand outside the gates of history. The dominant factor is the aspiration of the people and the ability to seek total identification with it. Once the significance of the symphony is grasped, the lines fall into place, the dogmas and theories get legs to move in time to the majesty of that music. This does not mean that I am preaching pragmatism. There is a lot of expediency in pragmatism. I am trying to trace the roots of the problems, the genesis of the challenges, the cause of the struggle.” p. 15. :Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)]

“When the history of this country is written it will be admitted by our people and by the world outside that no individual has rendered so much service to the cause of socialism in Pakistan as I have done.” Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto

ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO WAS POPULAR BECAUSE HE DID NOT PLAGIARIZE–HE BUILT A NEW PHILOSOPHY:–UNIQUE TO PAKISTAN. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was not enamored by existing political polity. He created a local structure and philosophy. He never used “Talking points” from other shining capitals. His version of “musawat e Mohammadi” was named Islamic Socialism. It was new, it was unique and it caught on.

The favourite slogan, the one that caught on during the May 1968 fête in France was “it is forbidden to forbid”. There is nothing to forbid the youth of Europe to reject both communism and capitalism. What will they build in the absence of both systems? Will their concept of building a new structure with a new philosophy mean willful self-destruction? This sounds insane but the youth of Europe is not insane. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)] p. 15  p. 20

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMvHh1RfcM8

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OUR UNIQUE PAKISTANI IDENTITY: HE WORE THE COMMON MANS CLOTHES:

ZAB was the first politician who wore the common man’s clothes. Once when he was threatened with an assassination, he threw away the podium, tore open his shirt and asked his people to defend him from the assassins bullet. It gave all of a sense of identity. No one dared to sheet him on his chest. They “stabbed” him from the back in the middle of the night. Who did it? Lady Macbeth says “the Raven himself is hoarse that becons the entrance”. Macbeth answers “he is here in double trust, first as him kinsmen and then his subject…who should again the murderer shut the door, not bear the knife himself“ 

ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO TALKED ABOUT JUNAGARH AND MANVADAR AND KASHMIR

Your great grandfather was the Prime Minsiter of Junagarh and convinced the Raja to join Pakistan.  An article of accession with Junagarh and Manvadar were signed to Pakistan, similar to the one forged on Kashmir by India. Only the one with Manvadar and Juangarh were real. Pakistani maps showed Junagarh and Manvadar as Paksitani territory. Don’t forget those states of Pakistan.

ZAB held an informal referendum in Occupied Kashmir. He asked the Kashmiris to go on strike to show support for Pakistan. They did! Nothing moved in Occupied Kashmir. It showed the world that the Kashmir issue was alive. It gave them hope!

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5eYP_V8tkg

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…he formed the OIC…and it gave us all hope.

He inspired an entire nation. His speech at the UN was not about despair. He was indignant, and angry, he repudiated the powerful and then symbolically walked out of the impotent UN because the conspiring powers supported the aggression of India.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdp0gNfodkc

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…while Bhutto was making an impassioned speech about reversing the army out of Dhaka and not awarding aggression….he asked one of the ambassadors who was smiling…

“the ambassador is smiling…what is so great about him…his hands are covered in blood”

“so what if Dhaka falls…so what if East Pakistan falls…we will build a new Pakistan, a bigger and better Pakistan”…..

Even in defeat Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was defiant! He inspired a generation.

He talked about “picking the pieces.”

…even after 1971 he tried to get the new leader of Bangladesh Khondkar Mushtaque to form a confederation with Pakistan and for the briefest moment Mr. Mushtaqueannounced a confederation with Pakistan. Unfortunately Khondkar was overthrown and Bangladesh remained Bangladesh. Of course the powers did not want such a powerful nation.

INTERNAL RECONCILIATION. HOW ABOUT REACHING OUT TO THE OTHER ESTRANGED BHUTTOS.

Charity begins at home! Reach out to Fatima Bhutto and Zulfiqar Ali Nhutto Jr. Include them into the legacy of your grandfather. Fatima is a brilliant activist like Sanam. Hold a judicial inquiry into the death of her father and your uncle and publish the Hamood ur Rehman Commission Report. 

DO NOT PLAY GOD OR “Le ETAT, CEST MOI” and DO NOT USE THE WORD “disintegration” or Simla, or December 16th.

The Pakistani nation is not looking for a “God” or figure to save them. No one person can do that. Do not bring bad memories to mind. Do not celebrate anything on December 16th. Using the word “disintegration” catches up with the psyche of the nation. Pakistanis hate he word Simla. Don’t mention it. Pakistanis freeze up and get disgusted when Simla is mentioned. Then they get angry. Pledge “Never Again” with them and sing “Jeeway Pakistan.”

GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY IS THE NEED OF THE DAY: On building a consensus in Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was able to bring together diverse groups like the NAP, JI, JUI, PML and others and got consensus for the 1973 Constitution. This is a learned skill and you can do it. Reach out to the MQM and the PML:

“We badly need to gather our thoughts and clear our minds. We need a political ceasefire without conceding ideological territory. We need a ceasefire to bury dead thoughts and to overcome fatigue. The modus vivendi has to be honourable and above board. Both sides have lost or, should I say, neither side can win. During the ceasefire a combination of existing forces might create a new order or a new equation between existing forces”

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)] p. 15  p. 28

Read world history and our own history to figure things out. Zulfiqar read Nehru’s Glimpses of World History. I did too. It is a good book for 13 year olds. This is what ZAB says.

“in Western estimation it is preferable to be a communist leader of a communist state, than to be a non-communist leader of a non-communist state having friendly relations with communist states. The anomaly does not cease here. It is even more dangerous to be pro-West. One disagreement in defence of a national cause, and out goes that civilian leader by a coup d’etat. He gets replaced by a tin-pot military dictator who would not dare to disagree about anything, including the vital national interests of his country”   Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)p. 69

A military junta is the herald of communism. The failure to realize this axiomatic fact is the cause of the confusion in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Military rule turns the people totally and irrevocably against the bemedalled generals and their patrons. Where else can the people turn? If freedom, democracy and the rights of man are to be put on the counter to see whether copper and coffee is to cost ten cents more or ten cents less and bargained away with so little consideration, then freedom is a very cheap commodity and the rights of man are not worth a nickel.  Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)p. 68  

Speaking to the West in Christian terms. Grandfather Bhutto does this eloquently. 

“For Christians, the teaching and directives of Christ are more Sacred than those of a Messenger of God. According to the Christians, those teaching and directives are of God Himself. Most of the problems of the Third World would be solved if the Christian West implemented in letter and spirit only one directive of Jesus Christ.

The directive to “Render unto Caesar that which belongs to Caesar and to God that which belongs to God”.

The Third World only want what belongs to it and nothing more. For over two hundred years, the Christian civilization of the West has been mercilessly violating this directive of Jesus Christ. The West has been taking everything belonging to Ceasar and everything belonging to God. The West is not dividing the share equitably. It is not rendering to us what belongs to us. This division relates to the economic, social, racial and political rights of the Third World.”    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 72

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto wanted to read Hitler to fight evil and learn from history. This is imperative.

“how Hitler was able to control his generals and I was not.“

Bhutto detained at the Sihala Rest House by the army in 1977, asked for some of his books on Hitler to be brought to him so that he could figure out how to control his Generals.

LEARN ABOUT THE GREAT GAME:-ONE WHO CAN DISCERN CURZON CAN KUMTUX OUR GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE:Here is a lot of advice from Zuilfiqar Ali Bhutto in his book “Myth of Independence:

“Pakistan was once called the most allied ally of the United States. We are now the most non-allied.“Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (As quoted in The New York Times(6 July 1973)

Learn from the mistakes of the PPP. Benazir Bhutto forgot this:

“If the people wanted my head I would bow without demur. If I had lost the confidence or respect of the people I would not want to live. The tragedy of the drama is that the very opposite is true.” (Letter to his attorney, Yahya Bakhtiar, after his death sentence, as quoted in My Dearest Daughter : A letter from the Death Cell (2007)]

YOU ARE NOT A SINDHI, PUNJABI, BALUCH, KASHMIRI, PATHAN or MUHAJIR: YOU ARE A BHUTTO and A NATIONAL PAKISTANI LEADER: Always remember that. Don’t demean yourself as a provincial leader. You are a national and international leader. Only you can stop yourself. Talk to your fathers friends in foreign lands. Some are still alive. On bringing the diverse society of Pakistan together as well as melting the tin ear of the American war machine. We need to have an anti-clash of civilization and Bilawal is the right person to do this.

OVERHWLEM THEM WITH SUPERIOR STRATEGY: DON’T BRING CHECKER PLAYERS TO A CHESS GAME: Ali Bhutto was well read and know more about the West than Americans and Britishers. He also knew the history of Pakistan and the Subcontinent. His declassified discussion with Kissinger are food for thought. He could characterize Pakistan’s issues in American terms. Unfortunately time did not allow him to write “Glimpses of Pakistani history” that he wanted to.

I could have written a small book entitled “Glimpses of Pakistan’s history”. Time does not permit it. The nation is gripped in her worst crisis, standing in the middle of the road between survival and disintegration. Since the birth of Pakistan, crisis has followed crisis in rapid escalation. Millions of lives were sacrificed to create this country. Pakistan is said to be the dream of Mohammad Iqbal and the creation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Quaid-e-Azam. Was anything wrong with the dream or with the one who made the dream come true? Opinions have differed and continue to differ. The next few years will most probably decide the issue, perhaps once and for all, and not without bloodshed. This process is not inevitable but the present policies of the ruling junta are driving this country towards a sad ….Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)] p. 15  p. 37

BUILD PAKISTAN ON THE DYNAMIC CHINESE MODEL NOT THE PENURY STRICKEN, CASTE INFESTED, INDIAN MODEL: ZAB knew this. Mao Ze Dung and Chou En Lai (old spellings) were the heroes of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and of most Pakistanis. Today’s China is fast becoming a super power. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto played a role in that transformation, as acknowledged by Chinese leaders of this generation. He was the one that recognized China. At the time, the only other country that recognized China was Albania. Pakistan opened up China to the US and the world which has led to unprecedented growth in China. Pakistan should use that as a model and not the inefficient stricken Indian model which is a basket case.

Tin-pot dictators have ravaged Asia, Latin America and Africa. In the aftermath, they have done more to promote communism than the works of Marx and Engels, Lenin and Mao. They are the worst tyrants of the post-colonial period. They have destroyed time-honoured institutions and treated their people like animals. They have caused internal divisions and external confusion. The dictator is the one animal who needs to be caged. He betrays his profession and his constitution. He betrays the people and destroys human values. He destroys culture. He binds the youth. He makes the structure collapse. He rules by fluke and freak. He is the scourge and the ogre. He is a leper. Anyone who touches him also becomes a leper. He is the upstart who is devoid of ideals and ideology. Not a single one of them has made a moment’s contribution to history. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)p. 63

“I am guiding you to seek truth from the facts of the historical conditions of our society and to identify the problems. The correct solutions will come with the correct identification of the problems. “

ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO ON PEACE WITH INDIA

Appeasement does not mean peace. The Treaty of Versailles did not bring peace. The surrender of Khalistan did not bring peace to Pakistan. If India wants peace, she has to make painful concessions. She has to liberate Kashmir, and return Siachin to Pakistan and stop teaching hatred and “Akhand Bharat” nonsense in her schools. The bigotry and hatred taught in Indian schools reflects back on the abuse of Muslims in India itself. Peace with India can only be achieved if the wrongs of 1947 are fixed. Beginning with Kashmir, Junagarh, Manvadar, India has to realize that that land for peace is the only way to make India more powerful. Haggling with Pakistan, exporting terror to Sri Lanka, browbeating Bangladesh, eating up Sikkim, intimidating Bhutan, and creating trouble in Nepal will never get India peace. India has to stop building dams on Pakistani rivers and stop building the Aqua bomb for the coming water wars.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on Outright pragmatist approach

“Earlier, I have cautioned you against an outright pragmatist approach. Now I am cautioning you against an outright populist approach. Sometimes a populist decision is, in the long run, not beneficial to the masses. Neither pragmatism nor populism are fundamental political and socio-economic doctrines. Nor do I say that you should play it by ear. I have made this melancholy analysis in anguish. My jail surroundings have not influenced my objectivity. I do not want to see the whole world in a death-cell merely because I am in a death cell. I do not say that the High Court has pronounced a death sentence on the world because a law court has pronounced a perverse death sentence on me. I would be the happiest man if the gloomy winter of mankind were to give way to a shaft of sunlight and to coloured flowers. The world is very beautiful. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever”. There is the beauty of the landscape, of the tall mountain, the green plains, the humped deserts. There is the beauty of the flowers and the forests, of the azure oceans and the meandering rivers. There is the splendour of architecture, the magnificence of music, and the sparkle of the dance. Above all, there is the beauty of man and woman, the most perfect creations of God. ” (A letter from the Death Cell (2007)p. 78

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on poetry and his partiality towards Shelly

I am partial to the pantheism of Shelley. There is beauty everywhere. Even in a total war of annihilation it will not be possible to wipe out all of it. Beauty is too beautiful to perish altogether. In this period of twelve months in solitary confinement I have rarely recalled an unpleasant or ugly glimpse of the past. A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 78 – 79

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, and Quaid e Awam said: His most passionate love affair was with the people 

Life is a love affair. There is a romance with every beauty of nature. I have no hesitation in saving that my most passionate love affair, my most thrilling romance has been with the people. There is an indissoluble marriage between politics and the people. That is why “Man is a political animal” and the state a political theatre. I have been on this stage of the masters for over twenty tumultuous years. I believe I still have a role to play. I believe the people still want me on this stage, but if I have to bow out, I give you the gift of my feelings. You will fight the fight better than me. Your speeches will be more eloquent than my speeches. Your commitment equally total. There will be more youth and vitality in your struggle. Your deeds ill be more daring. I transmit to you the blessing to the most blessed mission. This is the only present I can give you on your birthdays. A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 79

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto as a humble servant of God

It would be bad politics to try and summarize a situation which is dynamic. Have faith in mankind and its mission. God the Creator is the God of all mankind. God is omnipotent yet. The Creator of this World and the World after this one has imposed on Himself the obligation to be kind and forgiving. No tin-pot dictator of a palm-tree society is capable of imposing any such obligations on himself. On the contrary, he vainly boasts that he is answerable and accountable to nobody. A letter from the Death Cell (2007) pp 79 – 80

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on the world

Africa will rid herself of the maniacs. Africa will live to show that “Black is beautiful”. Africa is ancient but Asia is ageless. Her nimble and graceful beauty has adorned civilization from the birth of mankind. Latin America has become the castanet of an international culture that links Andalusia to Arabia and the Caribbean. What beauty there is in the tap of her flamenco! Europe is glamorous and adorable, so seductive that she is still beautiful after a number of face lifts. America has been watergated. In that flow of stagnant waters you can behold beauty in its reflection. A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 80

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto diffrentiates ideology from religion 

Religion is a link between God and man and man and man. Political ideology is a link between man and man. For this reason the great religions of the world like Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the last of all religions, have outlived and outlasted political ideologies. If an unlearned adventurer in his quest for political power and perpetuation brings religion down from its celestial plane to a mundane level by converting it into a narrow political ideology, the adventurer endangers the link between God and man and man and man. A letter from the Death Cell (2007)

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in pain in his jail cell

What I write is full of infirmities. I have been in solitary confinement for twelve months and in a death cell for three months, deprived of all facilities. I have written much of this by resting the paper on my thigh in unbearable heat. I have no reference material or library, I have rarely seen the blue sky. The quotations are from the few books I was permitted to read and from the journals and newspapers you and your mother bring once a week during your visits to my suffocating cell. I am not making excuses for my deficiencies but it is very difficult to rely on a fading memory in such physical and mental conditions. A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 80

I am fifty years old and you are exactly half my age. By the time you reach my age, you must accomplish twice as much as I have achieved for the people.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto message of the morrow to you

“Your grand-father taught me the politics of pride, your grandmother taught me the politics of poverty. I am beholden to both for the fine synthesis. To you, my darling daughter, I give only one message. It is the message of the morrow, the message of history. Believe only in the people, work only for their emancipation and equality. The paradise of God lies under the feet of your mother. The paradise of politics lies under the feet of the people. “My Dearest Daughter : A letter from the Death Cell(2007)] Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007) p. 14

We love Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Your mother, we had problems with. Criticism of Benazir Bhutto In the aftermath of her death we expected you to say something. The speech that Bilawal Bhutto should have given. The words that Zardari should have shouted. The thoughts that Fahim should have communicated.  Even your father says there is a foreign hand in the death of your mother. The CIA Connection…….The Benzair Bhutto Assissination was pre planned, the Zia model with a twist. The continued CIA involvement in Pakistan. The Great Game continues. When the Elephants dance the grass gets stamped upon…Pakistanis suffer. The purpose of this assignation is to destabilize Pakistan and find a reason to secure the Nukes We wrote some things about Benazir before har tragic death. Please excuse us. Criticism of Benazir Bhutto. Pre-Assassination. We maintain that the same forcesthat killed Liaqat Ali Khan killed Benazir Bhutto. Who killed Liaqat Ali Khan? The Media in the West is not as free as it used to be. Dennis Kuchnich says today’s media reminds him of USSR days, the days of Izvestia and Pravda. On deconstructing the wrong paradigm of the USA media. We have to be contantly on our guard. There are many employees of the enemies of Pakistan. Here is our piece in Rebutting Cohen. Every time a leaf falls, someone will start painting the doomsday nonsense. Pakistanis are immune to another prophecy of doom . The media and the Neoconservatives have a way with words. They will keep asking for more. Pakistanis want to hear “Thank You” from the ingrate Americans. Nothing is good enough! Even Ayub Khan realized that Pakistanis to USA: We want “Friends Not Masters”. Of course Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto wrote “The Myth of Independence“. Read it and write a preface and an epilogue to that great book of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Update the book. It is still valid. We want to salute the armed forces for the sacrifice of hundreds of soldiers who died. We need to tell them that they should learn to Say Thank You. The  Pakistan US Relations should be normal not transactional We have to be on guard against the enemies. Response to Congressman Hoyer on Pakistan. The US aid to Pakistan is peanuts, and most of it stays in the USA. We have to explain to the people of America the facts on On inadequate US Aid. Pakistanis are sick and tired of the CIA trained presons who turned against them. Where is Osama Bin Laden. We have to defend Pakistani assetts. Where are the Pakistani nukes? N one know and no one will ever know.

Whatever the formula, it cannot be evolved on the battlefield of the old or new cold wars. The new international order has to emerge through the demands of a Third World summit conference. The answer to the North-South conflict, which is more serious than the East-West conflict, has to be found honestly and with unimpeachable integrity. Genuine disarmament will not come on its own or by platitudes at special sessions of the United Nations on disarmament, although, I was among the first to propose such a conference eighteen years ago. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto A letter from the Death Cell (2007)] p. 15  p. 28 

• Criticism of Benazir Bhutto’s 5E Campaign program
• Criticism of Benazir Bhutto. Pre-Assassination
• Who killed Liaqat Ali Khan?
• On deconstructing the wrong paradigm of the USA media
• Rebutting Cohen
• Pakistanis are immune to another prophecy of doom
• Pakistanis want to hear “Thank You” from the ingrate Americans. Nothing is good enough!
• Pakistanis to USA: We want “Friends Not Masters”
  Say Thank You
• Pakistan US Relations should be normal not transactional
• Response to Congressman Hoyer on Pakistan”
• On inadequate US Aid to Pakistan
• Where is Osama Bin Laden
• Where are the Pakistani nukes?
• Where is Leadership of the PPP? Why is it behaving like Nero. Stop the arson and the carnage. Ask for a national Day of prayer and reconciliation
• Open Letter to Mr. 10% Asif Zardari. Show some leadership
• Open Letter to Mr. Bilawal Bhutto
• The CIA connection—Benazir Bhutto assassination was pre-planned, the Zia model with a twist
• Benzir Bhuttos revenge from the grave: Annointing a despised and corrupt politician Mr. 10% as her successor
• Open letter to Mr. Zardari
• The 4th Bhutto assassination is a message to the USA. Hands Off Pakistan
• Here we go again! Another Indian prophecy of doom. The first one was in 1947
• We would like to refer our readers to the an article on “Toppling the US military” that is worth its weight in gold. Search for it on this site. See: “Kissinger threatened Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto”
• ARTICLES ABOUT FATIMA AND BILAWAL BHUTTO
  ….Pakistanis are not stupid and have their nukes hidden”
• The Democrats don’t get it
• Where in the world is Osama Bin Laden
• Where is Leadership of the PPP? Why is it behaving like Nero. Stop the arson and the carnage. Ask for a national Day of prayer and reconciliation
• Open Letter to Mr. 10% Asif Zardari. Show some leadership
• Open Letter to Mr. Bilawal Bhutto
• Here we go again! Another Indian prophecy of doom. The first one was in 1947