Hindu Origins of the Two Nation Theory

Posted on 09 January 2009. Tags: Hinduvata, Pakistan, TNT, Two Nation Theory

Last December when the Mumbai Militancy had unleashed the Bharti media into a tizzy fit. Even sane journalists were throwing out everything Pakistani, even the kitchen sink. It was then that the Two Nation Theory and the origns of Pakistan was challenged. Rupee News would is reproducing the Hindu Origins of the Two Nation Theory from http://www.pakhistorian.com

HINDU ORIGINS OF THE TNT IN THE SUBCONTINENT

Contrary to the common belief that Jinnah originated the two-nation theory, actually it was Savarkar who propounded the theory years before the Muslim League embraced the idea. Savarkar had commanded all the Muslims to leave ‘Bharat’ to pave the way for the establishment of Hindu Rashtra. When Jinnah introduced his two-nation theory, Savarkar announced, “I have no quarrel with Mr. Jinnah’s two-nation theory… It is a historical fact that Hindus and Muslims are two nations.”

“His (Savarkar’s) doctrine was Hindutva, the doctrine of Hindu racial supremacy, and his dream was of rebuilding a great Hindu empire from the sources of the Indus to those of the Brahmaputra. He hated Muslims. There was no place for them in the Hindu society he envisioned.” (Freedom at Midnight, by Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins).

So the hate campaign against Muslims was well in place even before the partition of erstwhile British India. This and many other significant factors forced Jinnah to demand a separate nation for Muslims as he believed that Muslims would not be safe in India — a prophetic declaration indeed! There is no denying the fact that Jinnah was secular to the marrow and would never have wished to cut ties with India, but circumstances compelled him to do so. However, he had not harbored grudges against India or its leaders. He had kept his house on Malabar Hill, thinking he could weekend there, while running his country from Karachi on weekdays, but destiny had something else in store for the estranged neighbors of the Asia Partition.

When Nathuram Godse pumped three bullets into Gandhi, a section of the Hindu community compared him with Judas. The writing was on the wall. The divide was evident. In some areas people mourned the death of Gandhi, and in other areas they distributed sweets, held celebrations, and demanded the release of Godse. Gandhi’s crime was that he had demanded security for Muslims.

The seeds of partition were actually sown by the stalwarts of Hindu Mahasabha, primarily the quartet of Savarkar, Gawarikar, Apte, and Nathuram Godse. Independent India’s history is testimony to the fact that in a conflict between the forces of secular nationalism and religious communalism, the latter has always ruled the roost. Secular forces have more often than not ended up playing into the hands of communal forces. Such has been the history of independent India, and it is again on display in Jammu. Syed Alvi Teheran Times

We reproduce some of the saying of the stalwarts:

Thinking of the Hindu alternative to Pakistan, the scheme that at once comes to one’s mind is the one put forth by the late Lala Hardayal in 1925. It was published in the form of a statement which appeared in the Pratap of Lahore. In this statement, which he called his political testament, Lala Hardayal said:—

“I declare that the future of the Hindu race, of Hindustan and of the Punjab, rests on these four pillars: (1) Hindu Sangathan, (2) Hindu Raj, (3) Shuddhi of Moslems, and (4) Conquest and Shuddhi of Afghanistan and the Frontiers. So long as the Hindu nation does not accomplish these four things, the safely of our children and great-grandchildren will be ever in danger, and the safety of the Hindu race will be impossible. The Hindu race has but one history, and its institutions are homogeneous. But the Musalmans and Christians are far removed from the confines of Hindustan, for their religions are alien and they love Persian, Arab and European institutions. Thus, just as one removes foreign matter from the eye, Shuddhi must be made of these two religions. Afghanistan and the hilly regions of the frontier were formerly part of India, but are at present under the domination of Islam. . . .Just as there is Hindu religion in Nepal, so there must be Hindu institutions in Afghanistan and the frontier territory; otherwise it is useless to win Swaraj. For mountain tribes are always warlike and hungry. If they become our enemies, the age of Nadirshah and Zamanshah will begin anew. At present English officers are protecting the frontiers; but it cannot always be. . . .If Hindus want to protect themselves, they must conquer Afghanistan and the frontiers and convert all the mountain tribes.” Excerpt from Dr. Ambadekar’s book “Pakistan”.

Mr. Sarvakar also adds the following. Mr. Savarkar insists that the Hindu Maha Sabha must continue to function even after India becomes politically free. He says:/6/

“. . . .Many a superficial critic seems to fancy that the Maha Sabha was only contrived to serve as a make-weight, as a reaction checkmating the Moslem League or the anti-Hindu policy of the present leaders of the Congress and will be out of court or cease automatically to function as soon as it is shorne of this spurious excuse to exist. But if the aims and object of the Maha Sabha mean anything it is clear that it was not the outcome of any frothy effusion, any fussy agitation to remove a grievance here or oppose a seasonal party there. The fact is that every organism whether, individual or social which is living and deserves to survive throws out offensive and defensive organs as soon as it is brought to face adversely changing environments. The Hindu Nation too as soon as it recovered and freed itself from the suffocating grip of the pseudo-nationalistic ideology of the Congress brand developed a new organ to battle in the struggle for existence under the changed conditions of modem age. This was the Hindu Maha Sabha. It grew up of a fundamental necessity of the National life and not of any ephemeral incident. The constructive side of its aims and objects make it amply clear that its mission is as abiding as the life of the Nation itself. But that apart, even the day to day necessity of adapting its policy to the ever changing political currents makes it incumbent on Hindudom to have an exclusively Hindu organization independent of any moral or intellectual servility or subservience to any non-Hindu or jointly representative institution, to guard Hindu interests and save them from being jeopardised. It is not so, only under the present political subjection of Hindustan but it will be all the more necessary to have some such exclusively Hindu organization, some such Hindu Maha Sabha in substance whether it is identical with this present organization or otherwise to -serve as a watchtower at the gates of Hindudom for at least a couple of centuries to come, even after Hindustan is partially or wholly free and a National Parliament controls its political destiny. “Because, unless something altogether cataclysmic in nature upsets the whole political order of things in the world which practical politics cannot envisage today, all that can be reasonably expected in immediate future is that we Hindus may prevail over England and compel her to recognise India as a self-governing unit with the status contemplated in the Westminster Statute. Now a National Parliament in such a self-governing India can only reflect the electorate as it is, the Hindus and the Moslems as we find them, their relations a bit bettered, perhaps a bit worsened. No realist can be blind to the probability that the extraterritorial designs and the secret urge goading on the Moslems to transform India into a Moslem stale may at any time confront the Hindustani state even under self-government either with a Civil War or treacherous overtures to alien invaders by the Moslems. Then again there is every likelihood that there will ever continue at least for a century to come a danger of fanatical riots, the scramble for services, legislative seats, weightages out of proportion to their population on the part of the Moslem minority and consequently a constant danger threatening internal peace. To checkmate this probability which if we are wise we must always keep in view even after Hindustan attains the status of a self-governing country, a powerful and exclusive organization of Hindudom like the Hindu Maha Sabha will always prove a sure and devoted source of strength, a reserve force for the Hindus to fall back upon to voice their grievances more effectively than the joint Parliament can do, to scent danger ahead, to warn the Hindus in time against it and to fight out if need be any treacherous design to which the joint state itself may unwittingly fall a victim.

“The History of Canada, of Palestine,of the movement of the Young Turks will show you that in every slate where two or more such conflicting elements as the Hindus and Moslems in India happen to exist as constituents, the wiser of them has to keep its exclusive organization intact, strong and watchful to defeat any attempt at betrayal or capture of the National State by the opposite party; especially so if that party has extra-territorial affinities, religious or cultural, with alien bordering states.”

Rupee News has written several articles on the Two Nation Theory, its origins and its development. Dr. Naveed Tajammal reminds us about the RSS.

The prelude is primarily covering the background of the historical records now forgotten by our new generations. It also gives a brief background and a rebuttal to the fake map of a balkanized Pakistan floating on the net for the last over a year or so. The other objective is to revive the memory of the butchered Muslims whom we have forgotten in the present act of appeasement perpetuated to please the Indians and the powers to be.

The Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh,( RSSS ), was the brain child of a Dr. Keshar Rao Bali Ram Hedgewar, a doctor of Nagpur in 1925.

The ideology, was based on a belief that the whole of British Indian sub-continent,was a land of the Hindu’s,who had lived in it for the last thousands of years,and that Muslims where but a recent intruder.

This doctrine was further developed by a Madho Rao Golwalkar, who had been a lecturer of science.and had succeeded the doctor, in the leadership, in 1940.

Golwalkar propagated that it was wrong to state that the Hindu’s had migrated to the Subcontinent only 3000 years back. According to his calculations the Hindu had been here over the last 10,000.years and to substantiate the old theory of a movement from a cold zone he stated that ”The cradle of Hindu civilization, was Bihar and Orissa,and that this was the old Arctic region of the past.or the old north pole ?

Mr. Savakar on Hindustan as the name of the new country.

The name “Hindustan” must continue to be the appellation of our country. Such other names as India, Hind, etc., being derived from the same original word Sindhu may be used but only to signify the same sense—the land of the Hindus, a country which is the abode of the Hindu Nation. Aryavarta, Bharat-Bhumi and such other names are of course the ancient and the most cherished epithets of our Mother Land and will continue to appeal to the cultured elite. In this insistence that the Mother Land of the Hindus must be called but “Hindustan,” no encroachment or humiliation is implied in connection with any of our non-Hindu countrymen. Our Parsee and Christian countrymen are already too akin to us culturally and .arc too patriotic and the Anglo-indians too sensible to refuse to fall in line with us Hindus on so legitimate a ground. So far as our Moslem countrymen are concerned it is useless to conceal the fact that some of them are already inclined to look upon this molehill also as an insuperable mountain in their way to Hindu-Moslem unity. But they should remember that the Moslems do not dwell only in India nor are the Indian Moslems the only heroic remnants of the Faithful in Islam. China has crores of Moslems. Greece, Palestine and even Hungary and Poland have thousands of Moslems amongst their nationals. But being there a minority, only a community, their existence in these countries has never been advanced as a ground to change the ancient names of these countries which indicate the abodes of those races whose overwhelming majority owns the land. The country of the Poles continues to be Poland and of the Grecians as Greece. The Moslems there did not or dared not to distort them but are quite content to distinguish themselves as Polish Moslems or Grecian Moslems or Chinese Moslems when occasion arises, so also our Moslem countrymen may distinguish themselves nationally or territorially whenever they want, as “Hindustance Moslems” without compromising in the least their separateness as Religious or Cultural entity. Nay, the Moslems have been calling themselves as “Hindustanis” ever since their advent in India, of their own accord. “But if in spite of it all some irascible Moslem sections amongst our countrymen object even to this name of our Country, that is no reason why we should play cowards to our own conscience. We Hindus must not betray or break up the continuity of our Nation from the Sindhus in Rigvedic days to the Hindus of our own generation which is implied in “Hindustan,” the accepted appellation of our Mother Land. Just as the land of the Germans is Germany, of the English England, of the Turks Turkistan, of the Afghans Afghanistan—even so we must have it indelibly impressed on the map of the earth for all times to come a “Hindustan”—the land of the “Hindus.”

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Apparently, geography, had never been a subject of this man. Nor had he read anything on the movement of continental Masses.or the plates. Anyway the man was an excellent organizer,as the structure of the organization shows, each unit was composed of 50 men,under a cell leader, a branch leader controlled, a number of cells, varying in each area. a provincial controller over each.

The area of the provincial commander was based on old mythical Hindu administrative, provincial boundaries.

Sikhs too, where allowed in this setup,as they said Sikhism was an offshoot of Hinduism, the supreme commander was no other but, Golwalkar, himself.

In the British Punjab,the organization was under,”Dharam Vir”, the editor, of the newspaper, ”Hindu”.

In all the major Muslim majority, Tehsils,”stabbing squads” had been made,Lahore alone had a 50 member squad.who had a directive to stab only solitary Muslims.

Outwardly, the RSS, claimed it was a non-violent body,and A R.B.Badri, had also issued a public,disclaimer in the ‘tribune” newspaper on 14 June 1947.the crux being that it was a peace loving set up, with no violent aims or objectives at all.

However, the British c.i.d and special branch reports and the F.I.R’s,the bomb blasts which killed and injured hundreds told a different story,as well the recoveries from the safe house’s, of RSS,which were time bombs,acids,explosives and rifles.

The congress pro government in the frontier too, was a major supplier of the weapons.to the RSS.

The general target area’s, of the RSS, used to be,fruit markets, cinema halls,running omnibuses,and the best, the Muslim congregations in the mosques.

A report of an attempt to bomb the Badshahi, Mosque on a Eid morning by chartering a plane also exists in the files of the C.I.D.naturally by the RSS.

The futuristic map of the proposed Pakistan had also been worked out to the limits.

Baluchistan and NWFP, where to be Indian satellites linked with India through the northern areas,with Kashmir.

Pakistan, according to RSS, was to be Hazara division or the CIS-Indus of NWFP,Sind Bahawalpur, and upwards through a narrow belt,Karachi, was, to be, Zahir shah’s,personal fief.

The Rechana Doaba,and the Bari Doaba,was to be excluded from Pakistan,as this was a very fertile canal irrigation area.

The 1941 census was the bench mark on which the demographic working had been done by the RSS.

The districts, of Lahore, Shiekupura, Lyallpur, Montgomery & parts of Multan, had to be engineered to fall in with India,and further more,if the above could be achieved,then the

contiguous area’s,of Gujranwala,Sialkot and part of Jhang are left out.

However not to be out witted from this prize too,it was decided to work out a new strategy so that,because of the contiguous boundaries, and the geographical features,they too could fall if a proper planning was done.

Here came the demographic, placement of a majority of Muslim population.which was a major hurdle in the plan, to circumvent this a new idea was proposed.

Shahdara, Shiekupura,Jaranwala, Lyallpur and Nankana, had a total excess Muslim population of 63,539, that is over 50 %.thus according to the RSS,if this figure could be replaced, by the same of Non-Muslims,the objective could be achieved.

Chunian, Okara, Pakpattan, in the Bari Doaba,had an excess of 148,369 Muslims.

The RSS, worked on the principle of encirclement,as they stated, that these area’s, of the Bari Doaba, adjoined proposed India and the Bikaner state.and so tighten the grip around Lahore, Kasur,Dipalpur,Tehsils,which linked Gujaranwala and Sialkot districts.and had the main canal networks.which was the root of the prosperity of the Doaba.

The third. encirclement was to squeeze out, the excess,Muslims from Narowal, Pasrur and Gujaranwala.who were 106,711. The fourth stage covered Khanewal, Kabirwala and Shorekot Tehsils.which again had a excess, of 168,343.Muslims.

The outflanks of the remaining portion of Rechana Doaba,Sumandari, Toba Tek Singh and Montgomery.drove a wedge in the Multan district.Tehsils.which left out Shujabad,lodhran mailsi,and the multan tehsil itself.

Mailsi,toba tek singh, and sumandari the most productive, and fertile had an excess muslim number of 212,885.

In other words,in the first stage, an excess Muslim number of 318,619 had to be handled.

(63,539+148,369+106,711 ).

in the second ,168,343 +212,885 = 381,228.

in the last , the excess Muslim number in, Lahore, Dipalpur, Kasur, Montgomery and daska,came to,347,681.

The answer, to all this was a massive transportation of muslims from these area’s, and an influx of non-muslim from the east.

It was proposed that;

The post war re settlement of the, to be, demobilised british indian army was to take place, the british punjab alone had provide 800,000. men.for the 2nd world war .here it was proposed that,the muslim soldiers of area’s which where to be part of india to remain in india,while the muslim soldiers of lands between chianab and beas to be settled west of chinab. or in the bahawalpur area.whereas, all non muslim soldiers be settled in the area between chinab and beas.it was, further suggested that, the state had some 150,000 acres of land in betwwen chinab and beas,under the ”baqaya” category,here a new scheme of 5 acre sink well , farm units(30,000) , be established, this way 120,000 non muslims could be adjusted. the colonization of thal and haveli area was on the table.as well establishment of new industerial area’s, to use the local raw materials.

-In the colonization of thal only, the proposed area was 2,053,096 acres.which included.an area of 380,686 acres,which were the crown lands.

however, the canal irrigated came to be only,831.000 acres,the mathematical working of rsss, was that a unit of 8 acre be made,for a family of 4 persons.in this way 415,500 persons could be fixed up. but when the full 1.2 million acres came under the canal irrigation as was expected.in the thal,the extra 369,000 acres could accomodate a further,184,500 more.a total of 600,000.

Hence it was suggested,that in the first three stage area’s, the major landowners where,

non muslims,all muslim tentants be turned out, in lieu of which on each square of land 10 non muslims be allowed to immigrate from east of sutlej regions,the land held by these land lords numbered 31,860 squares, or 796,500 acres. Hence 318,600 non muslims could be adjusted.from the various hindu and sikh states, east punjab or the united provinces. Besides this, a land grant of 78,000 acres only in the haveli project had been ear marked for the returning army men,it was requested by rsss,to the british to allow only hindu’ soldiers this grant.as in the same grant in a different catagory, 51,200 non muslims had just been granted lands in this scheme. It had been also suggested, to the british that,all muslim tentants,in nilli bar,haveli and bari doab canal colonies,be uprooted, and sent packing to,bahawalpur state in the vaccum, 150,000 non muslims could be adjusted.

As the majority of industrialist where non Muslim they too had been requested to immediately, set up colonies of 15,000 labour/workers in the new industerial zones and bring in non muslim labour,it was estimated that 100,000 men could easily come.

This was the solution to over come the one million strong Muslim majority factor in these area’s. It was hoped that only in one year all these changes could be done provided, the state cooperated with the RSSS. The point to note is, even after the ban on RSSS, the members of RSSS thrived in india. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was one of them, as were other statesmen of India, which shows in their policies and the statecraft,as well the forward policy of the indian government since 4th febuary 1948–the date RSSS was officially banned in India.