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Pakistan has contracted for three German Subs at a cost of $1 Billion. This will go a long way in helping the Navy achieve self-reliance. The key strategy for the Pakistan Navy is diversification and with the German Subs this will be achieved by Pakistan. The first subs use German parts so there is minimal chance of sanctions. The German Type 214 class is one of the most advanced submarines in the world. It is equipped with a fuel cell propulsion system, the Type 214 submarines are the first of only two fuel cell propulsion system equipped submarines, the other being the Russian Lada class submarine.

The first of many subs will be built at the Karachi Shipyard. The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KSEW) has built ships in the past. In the 80s it built ships for China. The Hetian was one of them. The KSEW is undertaking shipbuilding projects for the Pakistan Navy, Karachi Port Trust (KPT), Maritime Security Agency (MSA) and Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC). With the new upgrades planned for the  KSEW with Chinese help it it going to be geared to get export orders from overseas countries. This would significantly contribute towards earning foreign exchange for Pakistan.

Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KSEW) is the oldest Heavy Engineering Works of the country which is catering for its Ship Building, Ship Repairing, Submarine/Warship Construction and Heavy/General Engineering requirements. It has played a historical role in transferring of technologies and broadening the industrial base of the country. KSEW was established in early fifties as a project of PIDC. It was incorporated as a public limited company in 1957

ABOUT HDW:

The Germans have offered their Type 214 submarine (the domestic model is Type 212 and Type 214 is the export variant. Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) had become a player in European industrial consolidation with its acquisition of Kockums of Sweden in 1999. By 2002, HDW had gained management control of Hellenic Shipyards in Skaramanga, near Athens, a move compensated by a Greek Navy order for an additional Type 214 submarine and a major refit for three Type 209 boats. However, HDW had come under the control of One Equity Partners (OEP), an America venture capital organisation. There has been a great deal of speculation as to why OEP acquired HDW and as time went on it became apparent that OEP did not appear to be that certain of why they had become involved in German shipbuilding. Eventually they decided to capitalise on their investment and looked to find a buyer for HDW.

Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH or HDW, the people who created this masterpiece of technology have taken the Type 212A a step further. The Type 214 submarine is af urther improvement of the Type 212A, with an incresed diving depth of more than 400 meters due to use of new pressure hull materials. Performance of the AIP system has been increased with two Siemens PEM fuel cells which produce 120kW per module and will give the submarine an underwater endurance of two weeks. A hull shape which has been further optimised for hydrodynamic and stealth characteristics and a low-noise propeller combine to decrease the submarine’s acoustic signature. (Military Heat)

The Type 214 is a diesel-electric submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW). It features diesel propulsion with an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens polymer electrolyte module (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. It is based on features of the Type 212, but as the export version of the more advanced Type 212 submarine it lacks the non-magnetic hull (to avoid detection) and other classified technologies. Also Type 214 is more similar to the very successful Type 209 submarine, while Type 212 was an independent project of the German Navy with significant changes to Type 209. (Wiki)

U214 Dimensions

• Length 64m
• Height 13m
• Surface Displacement 1,700m³
• Pressure Hull Diameter 6.3m
• Buoyancy Reserve >10%

U214 Performance

• Submerged Patrol Speed of Advance 6kt
• Range 12,000nm
• Mission Endurance 12 weeks
• Constantly Submerged Three weeks without snorkelling
• Mission Sprint Speed 15kt to 20kt
• Maximum Dive Depth 400m+

AIP propulsion

Although hydrogen-oxygen propulsion had been considered for submarines as early as World War I, the concept was not very successful until recently due to fire and explosion concerns. In the Type 212 this has been countered by storing the fuel and oxidizer in tanks outside the crew space, between the pressure hullSubmarine hull

The term light hull is used to describe the outer hull of a submarine, which houses the pressure hull, providing hydrodynami…and outer light hullSubmarine hull

The term light hull is used to describe the outer hull of a submarine, which houses the pressure hull, providing hydrodynami…. The gases are piped through the pressure hull to the fuel cells as needed to generate electricity, but at any given time there is only a very small amount of gas present in the crew space.

Weapons

• Currently, the Type 212A (export model 214) is capable of launching the fiber optic-guided DM2A4DM2A4
• DM2A4 is a new heavyweight torpedo developed by STA Atlas Elektronik, as a further update of DM2 torpedo which released in 1…Seehecht (“SeahakeMerlucciidae
• Merlucciidae is a family of cod-like fishes, including most hakes….”) heavyweight torpedoes, the WASS A184 Mod.3 torpedoes, the EuroTorpEuroTorp
• GEIE EuroTorp is a consortium formed in July 1993 by French and Italian defense companies….
  BlackShark torpedoes and short-range missiles from its six torpedo tubes, which use a water ram expulsion system. Future capability may include tube-launched cruise missiles.
• The short-range missile IDASIDAS (missile)
• For other uses, see Idas .IDAS is a short-range missile currently being developed for the new Type 212 submarine class…(based on the IRIS-TIRIS-T
• IRIS-T is a German-led program to develop a short-range air-to-air missile to replace the AIM-9 Sidewinder. …missile), against air threats, but also against small or medium-sized sea- or near land targets, is currently being developed by Diehl BGT DefenceDiehl BGT Defence
• Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Ko KG is a German arms manufacturer and a subsidiary of the Diehl Stiftung GmbH with headquarters i… to be fired from Type 212′s torpedo tubes. IDAS is fiber-optic guided with a range of approx. 20 km. Four missiles fit in one torpedo tube, stored in a revolver magazine. First deliveries of IDAS for the German NavyGerman Navy
• The German Navy is the navy of Germany and part of the Bundeswehr….are scheduled from 2009 on.
• A 30 mm auto-cannon called Muräne (moray) to support diver operations or to give warning shots is being considered too. The cannon, probably a version of the RMK30Rheinmetall RMK30 Summary
• RMK30 is a recoilless 30 mm caliber autocannon firing a caseless 30 x 250 mm ammunition cartridges….built by RheinmetallRheinmetall
• Rheinmetall AG is a German automotive and defence company with factories in Dsseldorf and Unterl…., will be stored in a retractable mast and can be fired without the boat emerging. The mast will also be designed to contain three Aladin UAVsAladin (UAV)
• Aladin is a small, simple and cheap reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle employed by the Bundeswehr….for reconnaissance missions. This mast is likely to be mounted on the 2nd batch of Type 212 submarines for the German Navy.

The acquisition of submarines commands the construction of specialised facilities to support and maintain the boats as well as the purpose training of personnel. Submarine crews and officers must also be selected and trained. The front-end acquisition costs of a submarine are high, as are the operational costs and price of necessary repair, overhaul and refit activity. Even so, for all of the associated investments, their operational utility is such that navies are prepared to pay the price to acquire them if at all possible.

KARACHI: In a departure from the past practice of acquiring submarines from France, Pakistan will buy three German Type 214 submarines.

Walter Freitag, the chief executive officer of the HDW, the largest conventional submarine maker in the world, told The News on Tuesday in an exclusive interview at the IDEAS 2008 here that his company had finalised technical specifications with the navy to build three Type 214 submarines in Pakistan.

“The commercial contract has been finalised up to 95 per cent,” he said, hoping the final contract in this regard will be signed soon. This is the first time that a clear picture of the billion-dollar deal that the Pakistan Navy is expected to sign in coming months has emerged. Earlier, during mid-90s, the navy had selected three French Agosta 90-B submarines, which were in addition to the two acquired earlier. The deal had generated a lot of controversy at that time.

This time French firm Armaris had offered to supply Pakistan three updated single-hulled, diesel-electric submarines – all-French version of the Franco-Spanish Scorpene boat – equipped with air-independent propulsion, a deal totalling about $1.2 billion.

However, Walter Freitag said he did not see that kind of controversy enveloping this project perceived during the 90s. “The Pakistan Navy understands submarines and ours are the best,” he said, rejecting claims of competitors that the Greek Navy had rejected Type 214. Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French Wednesday, November 26, 2008 By Ali Abbas Rizvi

Any navy with ambitions for true ‘blue water’ operations will eventually have to acquire a submarine capability. This is an inevitable and long accepted fact. Such a capability will provide tremendous operational flexibility in both offensive and defensive missions. Unfortunately, the acquisition of a submarine capability is a very expensive process, requiring far more than just the purchase of a submarine, its associated systems and weapons.. The French in the past have been prone to buckle under US pressure. Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto signed a Nuclear Processing Plant deal with the Frnech but they later reneged. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto tried to resurrect the deal but to no avail.

“In the Hellenic Navy’s case, a neutral surveyor was appointed, who decided that the submarine was technically OK and ready for commissioning,” he said. The HDW CEO said the Type 214 was technologically more advanced than those of competitors. “We use higher grade steel material, which allows greater diving depth,” he said. “Also, we have fuel cell AIPs and can integrate Harpoons with the Type 214.”

The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months. Walter Freitag stated that they would be using facilities at the Karachi Shipyard for building Type 214 and minimal upgrade would be required. He added that the Type 214 was 100 per cent German and there was no chance of embargo on it in any case.

Meanwhile, authoritative sources told The News that the decision to acquire Type 214 over the French submarine was made not only because the submarine was more advanced than the French Marlin, but also because many countries had deployed the Type 214 submarines, so there would be no issue of spares.

They said Turkey would be acquiring six Type 214s, South Korea had ordered six more in addition to three ordered earlier, Portugal had bought two, besides several bought by the German Navy. As such, supportability for the Type 214 for the next 30-35 years would not be a major concern. Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French Wednesday, November 26, 2008 By Ali Abbas Rizvi

APPENDIX A DETAILS OF 214 SUB

General characteristics

Displacement: 1’450 tonneTonne

A tonne , sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms….
s surfaced, 1’830 tonnes submerged
Length: 56 m (183.7 ft), 57.2 m (187.66 ft) (2nd batch)
Beam: 7 m (22.96 ft)
Draft: 6 m (19.68 ft)
Propulsion:
1 MTUMTU Friedrichshafen

MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a manufacturer of commercial engines…. 16V 396 diesel-engine
9 HDW/Siemens PEM fuel cells, 30-40 kW each (U31)
2 HDW/Siemens PEM fuel cells 120 kW (U32, U33, U34)
1 Siemens Permasyn electric motorElectric motor

An electric motor converts electrical energy into kinetic energy…. 1700 kW, driving a single seven-bladed skewback propellerPropeller

A propeller is a device which transmits power by converting it into thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an aircraft, …Speed: 20 knotsKnot (speed)

A knot is a unit of speed, abbreviated kt or kn….
(37 km/h) submerged, 12 knots surfaced
Depth: over 700 m (2,296 ft)

Range:
8,000 nautical miles (14’800 km, or 9’196 miles) at 8 knots (15 km/h)
Endurance: 3 weeks without snorkelingSubmarine snorkel Overview

A submarine snorkel is a device that allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surfac…, 12 weeks overall
Armament: 6 x 533 mm torpedo tubeTorpedo tube

A torpedo tube is a device for launching torpedoes in a horizontal direction….s (in 2 forward-pointing asymmetric groups of left 4 + right 2 ) with 12 torpedoTorpedo

A modern torpedo, historically called a locomotive torpedo, is a self-propelled projectile that operates underwater a…es or 24 tube mines
IDAS missilesIDAS (missile)

For other uses, see Idas .IDAS is a short-range missile currently being developed for the new Type 212 submarine class…24 external naval mineNaval mine

A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to destroy ships or submarines….s (optional)
CountermeasureCountermeasure

A countermeasure is a system designed to prevent weapons from acquiring and/or destroying a target….
s:Torpedo defence system Tau, 4 launchers, 40 jammerJamming

Jamming may mean:*Techniques to limit the effectiveness of an opponent’s communications and/or detection equipment.*Jamming…
s/decoyDecoy

A decoy is usually a person, device or event meant as a distraction to conceal what an individual or a group might be lookin…s Sensors: STN AtlasSTN Atlas

STN ATLAS Elektronik GmbH was a German defence company, producing sensors and other electronic or computer components such a… DBQS40 sonarSonar

SONAR – or sonar – is a technique that uses sound propagation under water to navigate or to de…
suite:
TAS-3 passive low-frequency towed array sonarTowed array sonar

A towed array sonar is a sonar array that is towed behind a submarine or surface ship…. (deployed from sail)
FAS-3 passive low-, and medium-frequency hull-mounted flank array sonar MOA 3070 mine detection sonar
PeriscopePeriscope

A periscope is an instrument for observation from a concealed position….s:Carl ZeissZeiss Summary

The Carl Zeiss company is a German manufacturer of optical systems, industrial measurements and medical devices originally f…
SERO 14, with FLIR and optical rangefinderRangefinder

A rangefinder is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target….
Carl Zeiss SERO 15, with laser rangefinder
Riva Calzoni periscope masts and snorkeling systemsSubmarine snorkel

A submarine snorkel is a device that allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surfac…Kelvin HughesKelvin Hughes

Kelvin Hughes is a marine systems business which specialises in commercial and military marine navigation systems and equipm… Type 1007 I bandI band

The I band is the range of radio frequencies from 8 GHz to 10 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum….
navigation radarRadar

RADAR is a system that uses radio waves to detect, determine the direction and distance and/or speed of objects such as airc… EADSEADS

The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS N.V. is a large European aerospace corporation, formed by the merger … FL 1800U ESMElectronic warfare support measures

In military telecommunications, the term electronic warfare support measures is the division of electronic warfare involvin… suite WASSWass Overview

Wass, formerly “Byland with Wass” is a village in North Yorkshire…. hydrophoneFacts About Hydrophone

A hydrophone is a sound-to-electricity transducer for use in water or other liquids, analogous to a microphone for air….s Avio GAUDI autopilotAutopilot

An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being….
and hydraulic systems
KongsbergKongsberg Gruppen Summary

Kongsberg Gruppen is Norway’s major defence contractor and maritime automation supplier, located in and named after former m… MSI-91 combat system
Crew complement: 23-27 (incl. 5 officers)

APPENDIX B-KARACHI SHIPYARD

Pakistan to Invest in Shipyard
Tuesday, January 22, 2008

The Pakistan government has decided to upgrade the basic infrastructure for construction of commercial cargo ships and warships, including F-22 P frigates, in Karachi, according to a report on www.uniquepakistan.com.
The government has allocated funds for the fiscal year 2007-08 and it has already dropped Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KSEW) from its proposed privatization list. It is envisaged that if shipbuilding projects for the Pakistan Navy, Karachi Port Trust (KPT), Maritime Security Agency (MSA) and Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) are undertaken successfully, then KSEW is likely to get export orders from overseas countries. This would significantly contribute towards earning foreign exchange for Pakistan.

Construction of basic infrastructure for shipbuilding would be completed within 24 months. The project envisages indigenous construction of commercial vessels would be started under the transfer of technology arrangement with China Shipbuilding and trading Company (CSTC). KSEW is the only shipbuilder of its type in Pakistan.

RFP

Government of Pakistan has approved a plan to establish two new large sized shipyards at Gwadar in Balochistan Province (“Gwadar Shipyard”) and Port Qasim near Karachi in Sindh Province (“Qasim Shipyard”) on a fast track basis.

The Gwadar Shipyard is planned to be established at Gwadar East Bay (Shamba Ismail area), on an area of approximately 500 acres (2 sq. kilometers approx). Initially planned to carry out ship repairs, it shall lead to ship building of up to Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) and Ultra large Crude Carrier (ULCC) size and will have at least two dry docks of approximately 600,000 DWT.

The Qasim Shipyard is planned to be developed adjacent to Korangi Fish Harbour (Port Qasim Area), on an area of 500 acres (2 Sq. kilometers approx) with at least two dry docks of 600,000 DWT. Main function of this shipyard will be building of large ships up to VLCC/ULCC size and construction of Offshore / Onshore Oil Rigs. It will also have ship repair facilities.

The Shipyards are to be developed with minimum financial support from the Government of Pakistan. The projects are conceived in a manner, whereby the private sector will be responsible for designing, financing, building, operating and maintaining the Shipyards.

On behalf of the Government of Pakistan, Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited is seeking advisory services from internationally qualified and experienced advisory firms ideally led by a reputable international financial institution / investment bank and comprising of requisite technical, legal and other consultants to assist the Government of Pakistan in planning, development and implementation of these projects.

Proposals for advisory services for both projects separately are solicited from internationally qualified and experienced advisory firms with demonstrable experience in structuring world class shipyard development related transactions.

The Request for Proposal (RFP) package including the Terms of Reference (TOR) and other relevant information can be downloaded from the following websites:

(i) Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works’ Official website at www.karachishipyard.com.pk

(ii) Planning Commission’s official website at www.planningcommission.gov.pk

(iii) Infrastructure Project Development Facility’s official website at www.ipdf.gov.pk

(iv) Public Procurement Regulatory Authority’s official website at www.ppra.gov.pk

A copy of the RFP can also be obtained in person from the following:

(i) Captain Shakil Naz PN at KSEW, Karachi (Email: ksew@cyber.net.pk) Tel Off: 92-21-9214037; Cell: +92-307-2316178

(ii) Mr. Aamir Qawi, Head – Projects, IPDF Islamabad (Email: aamir.qawi@ipdf.gov.pk) Tel: +92-51-9209233

Proposals should be submitted latest by February 15, 2008 to: Managing DirectorKarachi Shipyard and Engineering WorksPO Box # 4419, West Wharf, Dockyard Road, Karachi -7400Tel: +92-21-9214010, Fax : +92-21-9214020, 9214030, Email: ksew@cyber.net.pk

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