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Russia has supplied China with weapons worth a total of more than $25 billion for the past 15 years. Aircraft, ships and air defenses account for the bulk of this sum.

The Flanker J-11b Chinese version of the SU-27

China’s armed forces have more than 280 Su-27SK, Su-27UBK, Su-30MKK and Su-30MK2 fighters.

Several years ago, China signed a contract authorizing it to assemble 200 Su-27SK fighters. After building 105 planes, China unilaterally suspended the deal. Many believe that China is manufacturing a fighter that is in effect a replica of the Russian Sukhoi SU-27. Russian arms “Made in China”. China used the opportunity to develop its own domestic manufacturing and now has local capacity to build the next generation of aircraft. Why did Pakistan buy fewer F-16s? Hint:-Indigenous Flanker!

India has imported 60 of the Su with no indigenous capability and continues import planes to the tune of $126 Billion.Chinese J-11s for Pakistan?

• Beyond Pakistani made JF-17 Thunders & Chinese made J-10s: When will the PAF acquire and manufacture the J-11s (as the JF-18)?
• China exporting Y-89 AWAC technology to Pakistan
• Chinese technology exports to Pakistan: JF-17 Thunder, J-10s, J-11s

What about the SU-35? The original Su-35 was a derivative of the Su-27 and essentially a ground-based variant of the Su-33. While the official Russian Air Force designation for the aircraft remained the Su-27M, Sukhoi rechristened the model as the Su-35 in the hopes of attracting foreign customers.  The Brazilians wanted to produce it but in the end opted for the Mirage IIIs.

The Brazilian decision appeared to have ended the Su-35 program once and for all since Sukhoi had little success finding other customers. Hopes were briefly revived in May 2006 when Venezuela announced interest in the Su-35, but the nation instead chose a variant of the Su-30. The move is largely politically-motivated given recent tensions between Venezuela and the United States over America’s ban on providing support for the Venezuelan F-16 fleet. the Su-35 was revived at least in name in 2007 when Sukhoi announced the aircraft had entered production for the Russian Air Force. This incarnation is also a derivative of the Su-27

A derivative of the Su-27 ‘Flanker’, the Su-37 is a super-maneuverable thrust vectoring fighter. Designed from an Su-35 prototype, the Su-37 test aircraft (designated T10M-11) made its maiden flight in April 1996 from the Zhukovsky flight testing center near Moscow. The Su-37 is first Russian aircraft to feature thrust vectoring control comparable to the F-22 Raptor. (www.globalaircraft.org/planes/su-37_flanker.pl)

Here is a F-16 side by side with the SU-37.

MOSCOW, February 21 (RIA Novosti) – China has built a domestic copy of the famed Su-27 Flanker fighter and may compete with Russia on third-party markets if it sets up the full-scale production of the plane, a Russian daily said on Thursday.

China has acquired 76 Su-27SK fighters from Russia since 1992, and bought a license for production of another 200 planes in 1995, in a deal worth $2.5 billion.

“Since 1996, the domestic version of the Su-27 aircraft, dubbed J-11, has been produced at the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) with the use of Russian components,” the Vedomosti newspaper said.

The licensed production of the Su-27 has given China its most capable fighter aircraft while also providing a vehicle for its industry to gain knowledge of third-generation fighter manufacturing, Vedomosti said.

Su-35, a younger son of Su-27 18:21 09/ 07/ 2008

MOSCOW. (RIA Novosti military commentator Ilya Kramnik) – The first demonstration fight of the Su-35 on July 7, 2008 attracted much attention to this aircraft, which has been undergoing tests since February. The latest addition to the large T-10 (Su-27) family is to become the interim fighter for the Russian Air Force before fifth-generation aircraft are launched into mass production.

• The Chinese H8 Stealth bomber
• http://rupeenews.com/2008/05/22/russian-arms-made-in-china/
• China allows a peek: Subtle warning to India
• Chinese J-11s
• China’s stirng of pearls strategy: Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, Bangladesh to Africa
• Chinese AWACS-Y-89s
• Beyond Pakistani made JF-17 Thunders & Chinese made J-10s: When will the PAF acquire and manufacture the J-11s (as the JF-18)?
• http://rupeenews.com/2008/02/24/beyond-pakistani-made-jf-17-thunders-chinese-made-j-10s-will-paf-acquire-j-11s/

The Su-35, more precisely the Su-35BM, is the second model of the T-10 family to carry that designation. The first Su-35 was manufactured 20 years ago, taking to the skies in 1988 under the designation Su-27M.

In 1991, it was decided to launch the Su-27M into mass production under the designation Su-35. The first serial aircraft took off in April 1992, though this model was never produced in large numbers. Due to the lack of funding between 1992 and 1995, only 12 Su-35’s were delivered to the Air Force. These aircraft have been used for tests and demonstration flights.

J-11

Soon the Su-37 was developed on the basis of the Su-35. Often confused with the experimental C.37/Su-47 aircraft, the Su-37 was equipped with thrust-vectoring engines, which was the main difference between this model and the Su-35. The No. 711 Su-37 prototype impressed specialists greatly by its outstanding maneuverability, but remained one-of-a-kind.

In the late 1990’s the Su-35 was given a new lease of life, as the issue of rejuvenating the Russian Air Force was raised again. To avoid excessive growth of designation numbers, the new aircraft was given the designation Su-35BM (”Big Modernization”).

In 2008, the 117C engine was developed, enabling the designers to start the flight tests of the new aircraft, scheduled to be finished by 2010. The state armament program for 2006-2015, adopted in 2006, envisages mass production of the Su-35BM for the Russian Air Force, and the Defense Ministry is expected to purchase 182 of these aircraft. In addition, technology developed within the Su-35 project will be used to upgrade the Su-27s to the Su-27CM2 standard.

The creation of the Su-35 is an important step for the Air Force and the aircraft industry. Taking into account that a fifth generation fighter would not be in mass production in Russia before 2015, the Su-35BM will help to close the gap, replacing the older Su-27s, which will be decommissioned starting from the next decade.

The technical characteristics of the Su-35 are high enough to fulfill this task, outmatching all the modern American, French and EU generation 4+ fighter designs, including the Super Hornet, Rafale and Typhoon. The Su-35 is even able to withstand the world’s only fifth-generation fighter now in production, the F-22, though it is much cheaper than the American fighter – its cost is around $40 million dollars compared with $300 million for F-22.

Regarding the Defense Ministry’s plans, the question emerges whether the Russian industry would be capable of launching production in the required numbers within the scheduled period. The answer is more likely to be positive: the industrial capacities are beyond doubt, as the production of numerous modifications of Su-27s and Su-30s for export is on the rise. What the program requires is uninterrupted state funding.

With the Su-35 launched into mass production in 2011, the 182 aircraft ordered by the Defense Ministry would be delivered by 2020. By that time the Russian Air Force would have between 120 and 140 upgraded Su-27s and 30-40 fifth-generation fighters, enabling the Air Force to maintain its combat potential in the next 2-3 decades.

There have been many successful designs in the history of aviation, but only a few could match rising combat requirements for a number of years, like the famous Messerschmitt Bf-109 and P-51 Mustang fighters, the Tu-95 and B-52 strategic bombers, and the Su-27. The T-10 prototype made its maiden flight in 1977, and another flight in 1981 after major improvements.

The fighter went into mass production as late as 1984, and it still has the combat potential sufficient to remain one of the world’s best aircraft. The Su-35BM, taking to the skies in 2008, showed even higher performance, an unprecedented improvement on a design developed 30 years ago.

It’s not easy to forecast what lies ahead for the Su-35, but no doubt it will live through a few decades of service with gradual renewal of armament and avionics, until the moment when this fighter, along with more sophisticated aircraft, will be replaced by aerial vehicles based on new physical principles.

The opinions expressed in this article are the author’s and do not necessarily represent those of RIA Novosti.

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