Categorized | Current Affairs, Pak CA, Tanks

Pakistan's 500 Al-Khalid tanks have been in production since 2001: Newer generational tanks now being exported via IDEAS 2008

July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.

Towards Self-reliance in Armaments

flying eagle

Pakistan rebounding from volatile events. It evaluated its dangerous geo political situation as well as a belligerent international atmosphere. The sons and daughters of Pakistan pledged “Never again” and developed a comprehensive strategy to be self-sufficient in her defense needs. It created a Nuclear deterrent, indigenous Al Khalid Tanks and a missile program that is the envy of South Asia. Neither the mercenaries sent from the across the border, not the blackmail can now harm the fabric of the country.

Pakistan a US ally faced American sanctions and developed its own JF-17 Thunder fighter which will move towards the 4th generation fighters of the world and opens up an export potential worth billions of Dollars

Patron Lt Gen (Retd) Sardar F S LODI looks at the induction of Al-Khalid main battle tank in the Pakistan Army.

July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries. July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.

July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.The President went on to say that Pakistan’s efforts for peace and stability in the region would not be at the cost of security. The government he said would provide all possible resources to ensure a strong defence for a stable Pakistan. Being a developing country, the president said, it was important for Pakistan to find cost-effective solutions and to develop indigenous manufacturing capability to meet defence needs. The Armed Forces, he said, were committed to safeguarding the frontiers of the country and were constantly engaged in preparing themselves to meet all possible threats. But wars today were fought not just by the Armed Forces. The whole nation is required to engage in economic, scientific, political and social endeavours and to promote production in all conceivable fields.

President Musharraf felt that the achievements made in the field of defence production should be noted and utilized to improve the economy and meet the development needs of the nation. Over the years, he said, the nation had made sacrifices for setting up defence production facilities and it was time now to start getting dividends. “The defence industry must diversify itself and promote export of defence equipment,” the President said. He called it an auspicious day to witness the maturity of a project conceived 10 years ago.

An amount of $20 million was spent on the indigenous development of Al-Khalid main battle tank, spread over a period of eight years. This shows the low development costs of the tank. As a comparison it must be noted that our neighbour India has invested over $500 million on its Arjun tank which is still not in production. President Musharraf noted that the highest power to weight ratio had given Al-Khalid tank an agility, which can be matched only by the German Leopard tank. Al-Khalid carries a 125mm smooth bore gun, which can destroy enemy armour at long ranges. Composite materials and explosive reactive armour provide protection to the crew against a variety of anti-tank weapons. Its ability to automatically track targets is available only in the French Leclerc tank. With Hunter Killer day-night sight and a state-of-the-art fire control system, Al-Khalid is truly a world class tank, said the President of Pakistan.

Al-Khalid main battle tank is the result of a joint development project between HIT (Heavy Industries Taxila) of Pakistan and NORINCO (North Industries Corporation) of China. It has a combat weight of 46 tons and carries a crew of three. Fitted with a 1200 HP water-cooled diesel engine, which gives it a maximum speed of 65 to 70 km an hour with acceleration from 0-32km in 10 seconds. It has a 125mm smooth bore main gun equipped with a dynamic muzzle reference system and supported by a 7.62mm co-axial machine gun and a 12.7mm remote firing anti-aircraft gun. The power to weight ratio is 26 horsepower per ton, enhancing the tank’s agility. Al-Khalid’s combat range is 400 kilometres which expands its operational range with minimum logistic support. The thermal night vision devices enable the tank crew to fight at night as well.

Chairman of Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) Lt. General Hamid Javed, himself a cavalry officer and familiar with the user requirements, said the factory has a capacity of producing 100 Al-Khalid tanks a year to meet the needs of national defence. At present, however, 50 tanks per year will be manufactured as required by the Pakistan Army. He said, if a friendly country placed an order for the tank the HIT would be able to meet the demand. General Javed pointed out that some Muslim countries had already shown keen interest in Al-Khalid tank. At present the country’s armament industries export weapons and military hardware worth $150-200 million every year. Now with indigenously produced high tech products at competitive prices, the export potential of the country should increase considerably.

Foreign military journals of repute have given Al-Khalid tank good reviews. Journal of Military Ordinance in its March 2001 issue writes. “One of the highlights of the show was the Al-Khalid main battle tank that is the result of co-operation between Pakistan and China. Fairly lightweight by Western standards at 46-tons, the Al-Khalid carries a 125mm smoothbore main gun of Chinese design. The fire control system for the main gun includes an image-stabilised dual magnification gunner’s sight, a panoramic commander’s sight, and a thermal imager. The fire control system also employs an autotracker. The vehicle carries 7.62mm co-axial and 12.7 anti-aircraft machine guns. Additionally, it is equipped with grenade launchers on each side of the turret that carry twelve smoke and four high explosive grenades.”

The journal goes on to say, “The Al-Khalid is powered by the 1,200 horsepower Ukrainian 6TDF diesel engine that generates 26-horsepower per ton. This allows the tank to reach a maximum speed of over sixty-five kilometers per hour and to accelerate from 0-32 kilometers per hour in less than ten seconds. The Al-Khalid has a maximum cruising range of 400 kilometers. Six prototypes of the Al-Khalid have been tested over the last ten years. From these six prototypes, four basic configurations have emerged.”

Jane’s Armour and Artillery journal edited by Christopher F. Foss describes the Al-Khalid tank as follows: “Layout of the tank is conventional, with the driver’s compartment in the front, turret in the centre and the power pack at the rear. The turret and hull are of all-welded steel armour construction and an additional layer of composite armour has been added over the frontal arc, to which explosive reactive armour can be added if required. Turret thickness at the front is estimated to be 600mm with the glacis/nose estimated to be 450 to 470mm. The armour is of modular design enabling the user to change the damaged modules or replace the existing models with new armour packages as the threat evolves or as new technology becomes available.”

Jane’s goes on to say. “Main armament is a 125mm smoothbore gun fitted with a thermal sleeve and a fume extractor. This can fire APFSDS (muzzle velocity 1,760 m/s), HEAT (muzzle velocity 850m/s) and HE-FRAG (muzzle velocity 950 m/s). It can also fire a laser guided projectile fitted with a HEAT warhead. The gun is fed by an automatic loader enabling the crew to be reduced to three – commander, gunner and driver.”

“The computerised fire-control system includes a bi-axis stabilised dual magnification gunners sight, bi-axis stabilised commanders sight with hunter killer capability, computer, commander’s control panel, laser range-finder, crosswind sensor, tilt sensor and angle velocity sensor. This allows the Al-Khalid tank to engage moving targets under day and night conditions. The complete power pack, which consists of the engine, transmission and cooling system, can be removed from the vehicle in 30 minutes to facilitate field replacement.”

The Hindustan Times newspaper of August 13 had this to say: “Let me begin with the Al-Khalid tank. Even a cursory look at its capabilities shows that it is an armoured corps commander’s dream. In its offensive capabilities and speed on level ground, it meets every requirement that the Indian army’s most up-to-date GSQR (General Staff Quality Requirement) for India’s MBT (Main Battle Tank) project more than a decade ago (16 years). More important, it has a fire control system that enables it to acquire and shoot at targets while moving at high speeds over rough terrain. This is something that India’s mainstay, the T-72 tanks cannot do (some are being upgraded to have this capability). The fact that all this capability has been packed in a tank with only a 1200 HP engine, means that it has an overall weight of 40 tonnes or thereabout against the Arjun’s 55 tons (Indian tank under development for the past 16 years). This will give it a lower profile than the typical MBT and make it harder to hit.”

Al-Khalid tank is an outcome of very tough efforts during the last eight years resulting in a very modern tank for the Pakistan Army, said the dynamic chairman of Heavy Industries Taxila, Lt. General Hamid Javaid. He said Al-Khalid is an ideal blend of mobility, firepower and protection and its high agility and obstacle crossing capability. The final product is the outcome of dedication and selfless devotion to duty displayed by the Chairman and his team of officers both in uniform and mufti. The nation is proud of their achievements and hold them in high esteem.

 July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.

The Al-Khalid or MBT 2000 (Type 90-IIM) is a modern main battle tank co-developed by China and Pakistan. It is produced in Pakistan, and in service with the Pakistan Army. It is operated by a crew of three, and armed with 125mm smoothbore gun with mechanical autoloader, capable of firing anti-tank missiles, with modern fire-control and night-fighting equipment.

Based on its Chinese and Soviet design ancestry, the MBT2000/Al-Khalid is considerably smaller and lighter than most western main battle tanks. The design is based on the Chinese model Type 90 main battle tank project, which combines technologies from several Soviet and western tanks, and is ultimately a descendent of the widely-produced Soviet T-54A. The MBT 2000 is unusual in that it is adaptable for manufacture with any of a variety engines and transmissions of foreign origin.

The Al-Khalid is a version of this tank produced in Pakistan, with a compact diesel engine supplied by Ukraine’s KMDB design bureau. The first tanks were completed and entered Pakistan Army service in 2001, and Pakistan plans to induct 600 of these by 2007.

Development history
In the 1970s, the leadership of China’s People’s Liberation Army was concerned about the Soviet threat, and requested an improved main battle tank (MBT) to replace the Type 59. The existing Chinese tanks were direct descendants of the Soviet T-54A, and had become outmatched by more advanced Soviet models like the T-62 and T-64. Norinco and the Inner Mongolia First Machine Group Corporation were tasked to develop a series of new tanks.

After examining samples of T-72 tanks delivered by Iran in the late 1980s (captured from Iraq), the Chinese military realized that contemporary Chinese tanks were still vulnerable. Design features of the T-72 and some western tanks were used to develop a second generation of Chinese tanks, eventually incorporating a redesigned hull and suspension, a new welded turret, and 125-mm autoloaded tank gun. The Type 80 and Type 85 tanks led to the Type 90. The Type 90 was rejected for Chinese service, in favour of other designs, but it influenced further development which would lead to China’s third-generation Type 98 and Type 99 tanks.

The Type 90 is an evolutionary design: the Type 90-II version shares 10% of its components with the Type 59, 15% with Type 69, 20% with Type 85/88C, and is built with 55% new components. This model was put up for sale on the international market.

A development deal was signed with Pakistan in January 1990. Initial Chinese-built prototypes were tested in Pakistan in August 1991. Pakistan spent more than USD $20 million over the next ten years on the co-development of a model suitable for their needs, and on creating a capability to manufacture it locally, under the direction of Brigadier (now Major General) Mohammad Asaad. The design team modified the tank to accept a foreign-built power pack. A number of different prototypes were evaluated.

An early version was armed with the Chinese gun and fire-control system, but had German-designed MTU-396 diesel engine which was built under licence in China. Another version was equipped with a more advanced western digital fire-control system, and powered by a Perkins 1,200-hp Condor diesel engine (as in the British Challenger) and ESM-500 automatic transmission (as in the French Leclerc). This version was considered too expensive and under-performing in the extreme heat of southern Pakistan. Finally, a version was tested with the Ukrainian 6TD-2 1,200-hp diesel engine (Ukraine also supplied Pakistan with T-80UD tanks, powered by a similar compact diesel engine). This configuration was chosen for the production version of the tank and came to be known as Al-Khalid.

Yet another version-employing more western technology-had been envisaged as an export product for Pakistan. The prototype had a 1,200-hp German MTU-871/TCM AVDS-1790 diesel engine and an LSG-3000 transmission. But this concept was abandoned due to the arms embargo imposed on Pakistan after the 1998 Pakistani nuclear tests.

The final tank design resulting from a decade of co-operative development was designated Type 90-IIM. Chinese company Norinco showed the new Type 90-IIM during the March 2001 Abu Dhabi Defense Expo, under the export name MBT 2000.

The version powered by the Ukrainian power plant, intended for domestic production in Pakistan, was named Al-Khalid.

July 20th 2001 was an important and significant day in the history of Pakistan’s defence effort when the first batch of 15 Al-Khalid main battle tanks after lengthy factory and user trials were handed over to the Pakistan Army at a simple and dignified ceremony at Taxila. The tanks were issued to the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps. President General Pervez Musharraf was the chief guest at this historic and proud moment. He addressed the assembled guests who included cabinet ministers, high-ranking civil and military officers and the diplomatic corps. The President said that although Pakistan is a peace-loving country and has always worked for stability in the region it cannot lower its guard and must posses a deterrent force required to thwart any misadventure by its adversaries.Production
During the development period, Heavy Industries Taxila gained experience building the Chinese Type 85-IIAP, and prepared to begin production of the Al-Khalid tank in 1999. A pilot batch of fifteen tanks was inducted into the 31st Cavalry Regiment of Pakistan’s Armoured Corps on 20 July 2001. Pakistan signed a contract with Ukraine’s Malyshev Factory in May 2002, for the delivery of 315 6TD-2 engines over three years.

[1] An additional batch of Al-Khalid tanks was delivered on 23 September 2004.

Employment
Pakistan plans to build a total of 600 Al-Khalid tanks for its armed forces.[2]

In March 2006, Jane’s Defence Weekly reported that Saudi Arabia was planning to evaluate the Al-Khalid in April 2006. Pakistani defense officials said the Saudi government may be interested in purchasing up to 150 Al-Khalid for $600 million USD.[3]

Description

Armament and fire control
Al-Khalid is designed with a 125mm (length: 48 calibers) smoothbore, auto-frettaged and chrome-plated gun barrel which can fire APFSDS, HEAT-FS and HE-FS conventional ammunition and Russian-made 9M119 Refleks ATGM (AT-11 Sniper, also produced in China under licence). Al-Khalid is also one of the few tanks in the world that use DU rounds. The DU round used by Al-Khalid is the indigenous Pakistani made Niaza 125mm DU round (armor penetration: 550 mm at 2 km). Al-Khalid is equipped with a muzzle reference system and dual-axis stabilization. Elevation and azimuth control is achieved by electro-hydraulic power drives. The automatic ammunition-handling system for the main gun has a 24-round ready-to-fire magazine and can load and fire at a rate of eight rounds per minute.[4]

The tank is also equipped with a 7.62mm-coaxial machine gun, a 12.7mm externally-mounted air-defence machine gun that can be fired with the hatch closed, and smoke grenade launchers.

Prototypes have been demonstrated with various fire-control systems of Chinese and western origin.

The gunner is provided with a dual magnification day sight and the commander with a panoramic sight for all-around independent surveillance. Both sights are dual-axis image stabilized and have independent laser range-finders. The commander has the ability to acquire a target independently while the gunner is engaging another one. The automatic target-tracking system is designed to work when tank and target are both moving. Night vision for the gunner and commander is achieved through a dual-magnification thermal imaging sight. Both sights are integrated with the fire-control system.

[4] The production Al-Khalid tank has a fire-control system of western origin. In the MBT 2000, the Chinese Norinco fire-control system has inputs from ten sensors. The ballistic computation time is less than one second. The manufacturer claims routine first round hits on standard 8 ft (2.4 m) square targets at ranges over 2,000 meters.

Effective range: 200 m to 5,000 m
Sensor: laser ranging from 200 m to 9,990 m
Auto-tracking, firing four types of munitions, gunner’s thermal imaging sight, commander’s image intensification night vision sight, gyro-stabilized and UPS power supply system.

The Al-Khalid is equipped with the ATCOP LTS 1 laser threat warner developed by Institute of Industrial Control Systems.[5]

The LTS 1 laser threat warner consists of two key elements, the mast-mounted sensor and the operator’s control box complete with 360° display. According to ATCOP, the LTS 1 laser threat warner can detect not only laser rangefinders but also laser target designators. It responds to all current laser sources in the field environment and if required can also be coupled with acoustic alarms as well as smoke generators and other countermeasure systems. The LTS 1 laser threat warner can detect laser devices operating in the 0.8 to 1.06 µm waveband and has a 360° field of view azimuth (resolution of 15°) with a field of view in elevation of -15 to +90°. Operating voltage is 12 V or 24 V DC nominal with power consumption being 8 W nominal. The sensor head is 165 mm in diameter and 35 mm high while the control box is 80 x 130 x 55 mm in size.

Mobility
The production model Al-Khalid has a Ukrainian 6TD-2 1,200-horsepower supercharged diesel engine and semi-automatic transmission. An under-armour auxiliary power unit allows electrical systems to operate with the main engine switched off. The suspension consists of torsion bars, hydraulic dampers and buffers.

At 46 tonnes, Al-Khalid is easier to transport than a nearly 70-tonne M1 Abrams. Its high power-to-weight of 26 hp/tonne gives it a maximum speed of 70 km/h and acceleration from 0 to 30 km/h in under ten seconds.

The snorkel system allows it to cross prepared water obstacles up to 5 meters deep. Navigation is assisted by the use of Global Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems.[6]

Protection
Al-Khalid has modular composite armour and explosive reactive armour, nuclear-biological-chemical defences, an effective thermal smoke generator, internal fire extinguisher and explosion-suppression system. It also has advanced laser detection system developed by Al Technique Corporation.

Operators
List of customers with confirmed orders:

Pakistan
Pakistan Army – 350+ with plans for an additional 250
List of Potential customers

Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabian Army evaluating the 2 prototypes delivered to SAA and expected to confirm the order for 150

Type Main battle tank
Place of origin People’s Republic of China
Pakistan
Production history
Manufacturer Norinco, Heavy Industries Taxila
Specifications (Al-Khalid)
Weight 48 tonnes
Length 10.07 m
Width 3.50 m
Height 2.40 m
Crew 3

——————————————————————————

Armour 650 mm RHAe (modular composite and explosive reactive armour)

[3]
Primary
armament 125 mm L/48 smoothbore gun
Secondary
armament 12.7 mm antiaircraft machine gun, 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun
Engine 12-cylinder diesel model 6TD-2
1,200 hp (895 kW)
Power/weight 26 hp/tonne
Suspension torsion-bar
Operational
range 400 km
Speed 70 km/h
[hide]v • d • ePost-Cold War tanks
Al-Khalid · Ariete · Arjun · Challenger 2 · K1 88 · K2 Black Panther · Leclerc · Leopard 2 · M1 Abrams · M-2001 · M-95 Degman · Merkava · PT-91 Twardy · T-84 · T-90 · TR-85 · Type 90 · Type 96 · Type 99 · Zulfiqar

Al Khalid vs. M1 Abrams: Pakistans Al Khalid just as good as the M1 Abrams although it has a bigger gun than the M1 abrams the abrams gun is 120mm the al khalid gun 125mm another thing is that the Al khalid is not a gas guzzler like the M1 Abrams other than that both tanks have night and thermal vision equipment and auto targeting. the Alkhlid has a speed of 45 miles per hour. Six Al Khalids can be bought  for the of one M1 Abrams can be bought so in some areas the Al-Khalid is better than the M1 Abrams.

Source: Wikipedia, Defence Journal etc.

40 Responses to “Pakistan's 500 Al-Khalid tanks have been in production since 2001: Newer generational tanks now being exported via IDEAS 2008”

  1. AK says:

    if your AL-Khalid tansk are so good then why In Saudi Arabia who was planning to evaluate the Al-Khalid in April 2006 and Pakistani defense officials said the Saudi government may be interested in purchasing up to 150 Al-Khalid for $600 million USD. In 2008, instead of Al-Khalid, Saudi Arabia bought 150 T-90 for $500 million from Russia.
    ya may be because Suadi Arabia wanted an inferior tank than Al-Khalid…..ha ha ha…

  2. Ahsan says:

    They saved a hundred million dollars buying an inferior tank that would be suitable for “their” needs you mathematical genius.

    How about Arjun is it ready yet or still on the drawing board?

  3. KHIZRI says:

    i must highlight here that by comparing armored corps ,Pakistan has edge over her adversary on the basis of quality.Indian purchased t 90 tanks where Pakistan is making al Khalid .this is the major difference because the gunnery computers in t 90 is way beyond Indian dump gunners to operate.as al khalid was designed to use by the Pakistan army.one thing also i have to mentioned that Saudi Arabia bought 150 T-90 for $500 instead of khalid the major reason was the delivery time.as HIT is still busy in meeting the requirement of army.

  4. cooldevil says:

    haha lolx every tym u ask any india he will say our this n dat is under construction we will soon show it to world bla bla bla u know wat there every thng is under construction since 1950′s lolx their missiles failure their LCA they have been working since decades but not yet succede so when they see PAKISTAN making jf-17 thunder n tanks in record tym they simply donot digest it dats y they make bodus claims n excuses lolx koi bat nahi indians ho sakta hai 3000 tak LCA n all ban jaye

  5. Arasu says:

    “Pakistan’s Al Khalid just as good as the M1 Abrams…”

    This one sentence says it all, on how much credibility we should attach to the ‘facts’ presented in this article!

  6. shan ali says:

    just to memorize,pakistan is 70% self sufficient producing own arms,like,al-khalid tank,al-zarrar tank,jf-17 thunder jet plane,augusta 90b sub-marine made in karachi,ghauri,hataf,abdali,and babur cuise missile.many more,pakistan dnt need to depend on usa,we have learned from mistakes,even now pakistan exports those arms in IDEAS EXIBITION IN KARACHI to other countries,india may be IT power ,but pakistan is a defence power,…

  7. Dev Kant Bose says:

    Pakistan is certainly a defence power and should use its prowess to defend Gazans who are getting slaughtered. You should march your Khalid tanks, “Augusta” submarines and JF-17 planes off to Isreal.

    Bring it on.

    Dev Kant

  8. irfan khan says:

    IT power india ? nice joke if satyam doesnt knock some sense into poor investors of india nothing will. While whole world is in the mid of economic downturn indians achieve their indigenous rip off by fleecing their Much drummed about middle class investors. Al-Khalid tank doesnt have to be better than M1 Abrams only above wat bharat manages to purchase. Or you expect getting abrams in near future ? Slim chance
    Our tank battles will be with Banias of Bharat and we will see to it that Al khalid and Al Zarrar take good care of your lousy arjun and family

  9. amritrao says:

    pakistan need to use these tanks against talibans,demolish all talibans head quarters with al khalid

  10. amritrao says:

    well done pakistan that is what you need to do,become scientifically less dependent upon the west,invest money in education and progress,

  11. Moin Ansari says:

    Thank you. Dr. Abdus Salaam and Dr. Khan are the torchbearers of the revolution that you don’t hear about

  12. Human says:

    What a Joke…. Pakistan dont even make bicycle.. forget abt tanks.. world knows without china pakistan is like as bad ad poorest African country.. even worse than…

  13. Moin Ansari says:

    We are sure your “temple education” gives you this misinformation. We feel sorry for those who pass as teachers.

    BTW: The name of the bicycles are Rustam and Sohrab, the name of the car is Adam Car, the name of the plane is JF-17 Thunder, the name of the ship is Hetian (the 1st one exported to China in 1979), the name of the Submarine is Augusta class, the name of the missile is Babur–and they work unlike the Tejas, Brahmos, Arjun etc.

    Keep reading the Brahman Times to get your education.

    Go in Peace!

  14. ganesh says:

    pakistan needs to make a bicycle first

  15. Moin Ansari says:

    The name of the bicycle is Rustam. The name of the car is Adam. The name of the Tank is Al-Khalid. The name of hte missile is Babar. The name of the plane is JF-17 Thunder. The names of the Nuclear bomb is “Bharat Kush”.

  16. ganesh says:

    Pakistan need to make electric bulb first then think about weapons

    What a Joke…. Pakistan dont even make bicycle.. forget abt tanks.. world knows without china

  17. ganesh says:

    all begged or borrowed from china

    The name of the bicycle is Rustam. The name of the car is Adam. The name of the Tank is Al-Khalid. The name of hte missile is Babar. The name of the plane is JF-17 Thunder. The names of the Nuclear bomb is “Bharat Kush”.

  18. ganesh says:

    china must stop exporting weapon to pakis(tanis],they will realise this like america after 20 years.

    Editor’s Note: If you don’t want to be deleted and banned from this site, please use proper words and do not use racist terminology. Last warning. The ban is irreversible

  19. ganesh says:

    moin do you know indias contribution in the kashmir earthquake.[insult deleted]

  20. Wildpigeon says:

    The oldest PAKISTANI bicycle is SUHRAB.Rustam is comparitively new brand.SUHRAB is world class bicycle which is also making sports and mountain bikes.Recently they have started manufacturing motor bikes and they are investing in automobile sector as well.

  21. Moin Ansari says:

    Bharat’s contribution to the earthquake? Slim to none.

    The Pakistani nation galvanized on the night of the earthquake and took care of the Kashmiris. Mir Waiz could not believe the emotoin and the help. It was one of the world’s biggest disasters impacting 1.5 million people. No one died of disease, or hunger after the initial earthquake. The UN has praised the Pakistani response as a model response. Mirpur Khas is being rebuilt from scratch.

    From Karachi to Islamabad private citizens took supplies, food, clothes and rushed to Azad Kashmir.

    The Bharati response was slim to none

  22. Moin Ansari says:

    Wildpigoen, you are technically right, Soharab was the first bicycle, and Rustam followed soon after. I know I had a Rustam as a teenager in the 70s

    Adam is the locally produced car. Of course Pakistan is the largest producer of motorbikes and one of the largest producers of automobile parts

  23. Ganesh: You view Pakistan from the prism of your temple education and by making sweeping comments without an iota of proof or intellectual capital you advertise your own ignorance and the pathetic condition of the education system that produces bigots and ignoramus youngsters who have no clue on what is going on.

    Even when presented with mountains of proof from reputable Defense journals like Janes weekly, you keep repeating the flamebaits.

    The JF-17 Thunder was a joint effort. China needed access to Western products, and Pakistan needed a plane. Both learned from each other. China is very good at reverse engineering and Pakistan has 25 years of experience flying Western planes. China did not have that experience. Therefore it was a happy marriage. 80% of the JF-THunder is locally made in Pakistan, and this is the first step. Already both countries are workign in the next generation of jets J-10, J-11 and beyond using more powerful engines.

    The Tejas

  24. amrit says:

    PAKISTAN CAN FOLLOW INDIAS FOOTSTEP IN A ROAD TO SUCCESS,STOP WAGING WAR AGAINST INDIA,DIVERT THE MONEY TO RESEARCH AND MAAINSTERM EDUCATION.RESULTS WILL FOLLOW SOONER OR LATER.

  25. amrit says:

    the dispute of kashmir will never resolve and based on Kashmir pakistan should not fight with india,kashmiris muslims are by and large confused.

  26. amrit says:

    Kashmiris are like tribal pashtoons,living in medieval period ,they will join pakistan for islam ,but after joining pakistan will embarce india for food.

  27. Moin Ansari says:

    Amrit:

    Pakistan does not consider Bharat a “success”. Pakistan and the world considers China a good model. No country in South Asia or the world wants to follow the Bharati model of penury and caste ridden poverty.

    You presume that Pakistanis need this advice from someone like you. Pakistanis a vary capable of doing what is in their best interest. No unsolicited advice is needed or heeded that comes from Delhi. Thank you but No thank you.

  28. amrit says:

    In his speech obama on 26/1/2009 said we need china and india in the discussion for global crisis,no mention about pakistan.
    G20 SUMMIT DUE TO BE HELSD IN LONDON IN april 2009,India amongst others invited not pakistan.

  29. Moin Ansari says:

    Muslims was the second word in his speech when describing Americans. He talked at length about Pakistan. Read Bruce Riedel and others republsihed on this site.

  30. jhelumi says:

    Does Pakistan still manufacture Revo car?

  31. Kumar says:

    Dear Moin Ansari
    I have read your articles and came to know that Pakistan is also wasting lot of money like China in development of military hard ware . India is too forced to waste its resources . Pakistan economy is shattered.Evil of casteism also deeply rooted in Pakistan and domination of Punjabi Sunni ,discrimination againnst Shia & Ahmadiyas, uprising of Baluchistan will result in its Balkanisation . India is too having problems but it has means and resilience to solve it . Financially sound enough to withstand its losses on otherhand Pakistan is totally dependendant on American aid whom most of Pakistani hate because radicalaisation of population. Unable to understand what is good for them.People like you are the resposible for these miseries and anti India rhetoric harmed you much more than India itself. Law and order has deteriorated badly.
    Most of Indian dont have problem with most of Pakistani population but dont like ISI , Pakistani military
    and terrorist organisatios & its sympathisers.I wish Pakistan its meagre resources utilise in economic development etc. Whatever negative points you have mentioned about INDIA you too suffer from these much more than India . You should know that poors are in every country including IN USA and even pickup leftovers from garbage . To eradicate poverty to 0 level is impossible and but people are getting better with passage of time .
    Mr Moin Ansari concentrate on development rather than Indian Bashing and beating your drum to describe military development of Pakistan which will cause disintegartion of Pakistan and anarchy .
    We will solve our problems as it exist and we admit it. You dont admit and here you will fail miserably , MBT ,guns,and Missile will not feed population .
    hope good sense prevail on you and like minded to make prosperous Pakistan . Dont break it .
    KUMAR

  32. Moin Ansari says:

    Kumar:

    Your feckless and gormless Machiavellian view of Pakistan reeks of Islamphobia and blatent bigotry. Your ideas are wrong and based on your illogical temple education.

    Your hubris and arrogance is self-evident in the errors of your narrative. Your bigotry and lack of knowledge about Paksitan and other countries is evident in your hate filled comments. Bharat is one of the largest debtor nations on the planet and recently had to go to the IMF like Sweden Iceland and Pakistan. with $1.3 Trillion-$2.5 Trilion debt, you guys ahve the gall to discuss American Aid. Amazing logic!

    Bharat has been proud of the “Hindu growth rate” for most of its existence around 3%. The past decade is an anomoly and is non-sustainable.

    Bharat does not have any economic or military power. It is not even a nuclear pwoer. It is totally dependent on Russia arms and US throw away nuclear technology.

    The typical banya thinking ties everything to Dollars and Cents. Pakistnais cheris their freedom from Brahaman domination MORE than Rupees and Paisas.

    Police Action against Hyderabad, occupation of Junagarh, Manvadar, Kashmir, Mukti Bahni, Rakhi Bahni, LTTE, Dalai Lama terror against Tibet, problems with Bangaldesh, Mayanmar, Napal Maoists–and you guys have the gumption to be hypoctrical and point fingers at others on terror exports.

    Bharat doesnt have anything, except enemies on all its borders. Why is that? Who do all countries on the borders hate Bharati policies? What could be the reason for this?

    We surely don’t neeed any lectures on the economy from a country which houses 40% of the worlds poor and where 75% of the population lives under $2 per day and where 450 million dalit slaves eke out a living. Your slubdog country has marginalized 150 million Muslims and 40% of the lans is in the hands of the Naxalites.

    The Balakanization of Bharat is imminent as per the writings of Bharat Verma. Guns and bombs do not feed populations. Bharat is spending $10 Billion on stirpped down useless aricarft and is apying $3 Billion for an obsolete air carft carrier. And you lecture others.

    Rupee News does not accept unsolicited advice.

  33. man says:

    all Pakistanis must know there is a place named Patton nagar in Punjab

  34. kokkaborra says:

    This depents on choice kafir thay liked t90 and one other think saudi is a buyer of pakistani militarey hardware and we export them super mushak trainers and arms and amunitions and inshallah thay will buy alkhalid as well in future.

  35. osama says:

    all crdit goes mr Musharraf

  36. Kumar says:

    Dear [Editors] Saheb
    SalamWale-kum ( Be Peace Upon You, and that you need more than anybody else )
    You wrote reply where your Baukhalahat , irritation , frustation and anger are evident . I dont mind and it comes with maturity .I listen Geo TV, Dawn News and Ary and most them they give reference of Bharat in the field developement such as electricity prodution, economic growth ( praised Bangladesh which has growth rate of 5% ) Judiciary , Parliamentary Democracy ,good perfrmance of Public Sector ( Nav Ratn ) good role of CAG , Non involvement of Military in politics ( NEWS READER says that can Pakistan dare to summon Chief Of Army Staff Indian High court summons chief of Army for non complaiance its judgement).
    Your criticisms of Bharat is not in conformity with the experts of News Channel barring few only . You are isolated and when I talk to Pakistani ( Very high in society and learned persons )
    they talk with admiration about India and praise except some Jamati and fundamentalists like you.
    Your propaganda will not last long . India is open society where army is independent in choosing its weapon/arms & ammunition .It cannot be forced to buy what defence ministry production wing develope and produce though both belogs to same department .India is not close society like China and Pakistan where you cannot discuss military & its expenditure which are away from the perview of CAG.
    Every thing under the scrutiny of Public ,CAG and Press . Hence when lot of people speaks some in favour and some against , people like you pick up bad points and drum it in your news paper . If you develope any thing new failures are bound to take place otherwise it is stolen design and reverse engineering as your friend China is known all over the world .You praise chinese copy of Russian fighter but in the same way you denounce Russia as 3rd rate tecknology provider to India . At the same time your JF 17 use Russian engine .
    I have never seen any of your article might have discussed any good points about Bharat . This is the very big weakness of yours and known to most matured Pakistanis ,seasoned politician and journalists . You are exposed in the circle but you are praised among the fundamenatalists , Jamatis and India haters etc .
    Why I read your news because I like to know people like you what are planning and thinking against our nation . Indian people and sane Pakistanis may not be mislead to hatred which is spread by you as you know I always say in your ledger what you say is not the view of most of Pakistanis.There are the organisation ,much bigger than you, are working just opposite to you –AMAN KI ASHA .
    Your destructive mind and non productive thinking may lead to some unfortunate Pakistani to miserable condition . How a Pakistani was in USA persuaded to bomb in Newyork by extremist peoples of Pakistan . .
    Now in the end I want to say you which I should not say — now I will not say bcz I am not the type of peson whom you deal and I beleive in putting forward ones view and not abusing & saying burabhala . I hope it is enough and good sense will prevail upon you .
    Kumar

  37. The Editors says:

    @ KUmar

    Wa Laikum

    Of course there are good and bad points of Bharat. we present all sides. Watch Aaj TV to hear what Pakistanis are saying. GEO has been taken over by VOA. Very simple. If you like GEO or ARY better, don’t read Rupee News.

    Close to three million readers have visited Rupee News in the past few weeks–and the readership is increasing exponentially!!! Many of our readers are from Bharat who want a real opinion—many have said so on this site.

    Its a free country. We don’t force you to read Rupee News. You have a choice. Why carp about us all the time. Stay within your own comfort zone.

    There is no “Aman ki asha”. I really don’t know what “asha” means–last time I checked Asha is a Hindu god. Certainly, we don’t want it.

    You are back on line and simply repeating yourself. Stick to the issues. If you don’t like our site, don’t visit it, and keep visiting Geo and hinduunity.org. That is your comfort zone. Personal insults have been ignored, and if they continue, the comments will be dumped.

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